| 词条 | Book of Armagh |
| 释义 |
| name = Book of Armagh | alternative title(s) = Codex Ardmachanus | image = Book of Armagh.jpg | width = | caption = A page of text from the Book of Armagh. | full title = | also known as = Liber Ar(d)machanus (Book of Armagh), Canoin Phatraic (Canon of Patrick) | author(s) = | ascribed to = Ferdomnach of Armagh, St Patrick, Sulpicius Severus and others | compiled by = | illustrated by = | patron = | dedicated to = | audience = | language = Latin, Old Irish | date = 9th century | date of issue = | provenance = | state of existence = Incomplete | authenticity = | series = | manuscript(s) = TCD MS 52 | principal manuscript(s)= | first printed edition = | verse form = | length = 222 folios (folios 1 and 41-44 are missing) | illustration(s) = | genre = | subject = | setting = | period covered = | personages = | personages (long list)= | sources = | below = }} The Book of Armagh or Codex Ardmachanus (ar or 61), also known as the Canon of Patrick and the Liber Ar(d)machanus, is a 9th-century Irish illuminated manuscript written mainly in Latin. It is held by the Library of Trinity College Dublin (MS 52). The document is valuable for containing early texts relating to St Patrick and some of the oldest surviving specimens of Old Irish, and for being one of the earliest manuscripts produced by an insular church to contain a near complete copy of the New Testament. HistoryThe manuscript was once reputed to have belonged to St. Patrick and, at least in part, to be a product of his hand. Research has determined, however, that the earliest part of the manuscript was the work of a scribe named Ferdomnach of Armagh (died 845 or 846). Ferdomnach wrote the first part of the book in 807 or 808, for Patrick's heir (comarba) Torbach, abbot of Armagh.[1] Two other scribes are known to have assisted him. The people of medieval Ireland placed a great value on this manuscript. Along with the Bachal Isu, or Staff of Jesus, it was one of the two symbols of the office for the Archbishop of Armagh. The custodianship of the book was an important office that eventually became hereditary in the MacMoyre family. It remained in the hands of the MacMoyre family in the townland of Ballymoyer near Whitecross, County Armagh until the late 17th century. Its last hereditary keeper was Florence MacMoyer. By 1707 it was in the possession of the Brownlow family of Lurgan. It remained in the Brownlow family until 1853 when it was sold to the Irish antiquary, Dr William Reeves. In 1853, Reeves sold the Book to John George de la Poer Beresford, Archbishop of Armagh, who presented it to Trinity College, Dublin,[2] where it can be read online from the Digital Collections portal of the Trinity College library.[3] ManuscriptThe book measures {{convert|195|by|145|by|75|mm|in}}.[4] The book originally consisted of 222 folios of vellum, of which 5 are missing.[4] The text is written in two columns in a fine pointed insular minuscule. The manuscript contains four miniatures, one each of the four Evangelists' symbols. Some of the letters have been colored red, yellow, green, or black. The manuscript is associated with a tooled-leather satchel, believed to date from the fifteenth century.[4] It contains text of Vulgate, but there are many Old Latin readings in the Acts and Pauline epistles.[5] IlluminationThe manuscript has three full-page drawings, and a number of decorated initials in typical Insular style. Folio 32v shows the four Evangelists' symbols in compartments in ink, the eagle of John resembling that of the Book of Dimma. Elsewhere yellow, red, blue and green are used.[6] Dating of the ManuscriptThe dating of the manuscript goes back to Rev. Charles Graves, who deciphered in 1846 from partially erased colophons the name of the Scribe Ferdomnach and the bishop Torbach who ordered the Book. According to the Annals of the Four Masters Torbach died in 808 and Ferdomnach in 847. As Torbach became bishop in 807 and died in 808 the manuscript must have been written around this time. Unfortunately to make the writing better visible Graves used a chemical solution and this had the effect that the writing related to the scribe and bishop is not readable any more.[7][8] ContentsThe manuscript can be divided into three parts: Texts relating to St PatrickThe first part contains important early texts relating to St. Patrick.[1] These include two Lives of St. Patrick, one by Muirchu Maccu Machteni and one by Tírechán. Both texts were originally written in the 7th century. The manuscript also includes other miscellaneous works about St. Patrick, including the Liber Angueli (or the Book of the Angel), in which St. Patrick is given the primatial rights and prerogatives of Armagh by an angel.[9] Some of these texts are in Old Irish and are the earliest surviving continuous prose narratives in that language. The only Old Irish texts of greater age are some fragmentary glosses found in manuscripts on the Continent.
New Testament materialThe manuscript also includes significant portions of the New Testament, based on the Vulgate, but with variations characteristic of insular texts. In addition, prefatory matter including prefaces to Paul's Epistles (most of which are by Pelagius), the Canon Tables of Eusebius, and the Letter of Jerome to Pope Damasus are included.
Life of St MartinThe manuscript closes with the Life of St. Martin of Tours by Sulpicius Severus.[4] Bibliography
See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Beyond the Book of Kells: The Book of Armagh|url=https://www.tcd.ie/trinitylongroomhub/whats-on/details/event.php?eventid=124745618|website=www.tcd.ie|accessdate=4 October 2017|language=en}} 2. ^Atkinson, E.D., R.S.A.I. (1911). Dromore An Ulster Diocese, p.19. 3. ^{{cite web|title=DRIS Trinity College Library Dublin|url=http://digitalcollections.tcd.ie/home/#folder_id=26&pidtopage=MS52_01&entry_point=1|website=digitalcollections.tcd.ie|accessdate=4 October 2017|language=en}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Duffy|first1=Sean|title=Routledge Revivals: Medieval Ireland (2005): An Encyclopedia|date=2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781351666176|page=30|url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=WkQrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30&lpg=PA30|language=en}} 5. ^Bruce M. Metzger, The Early Versions of the New Testament, Oxford University Press, 1977, pp. 305, 341. 6. ^Mitchell, George Frank, Treasures of Irish art, 1500 B.C.-1500 A.D.: from the collections of the National Museum of Ireland, Royal Irish Academy, Trinity College, Dublin (etc), Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1977, {{ISBN|0394428072}}, 9780394428079, No. 43, p. 143, with f.43v illustrated on a full page shortly before. Fully online (PDF) from the Metropolitan Museum of Art 7. ^1 {{Cite journal| volume = 36| pages = 3–28| last = Sharpe| first = Richard| title = Palaeographical Considerations in the Study of the Patrician Documents in the Book of Armagh| journal = Scriptorium: International Review of Manuscript Studies| year = 1982| doi=10.3406/scrip.1982.1240}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Esposito|first1=Mario|title=St Patrick's ' Confessio ' and the ' Book of Armagh '|journal=Irish Historical Studies|date=1954|volume=9|issue=33|pages=1–12|doi=10.2307/30006384|jstor=30006384}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=St Patrick|url=http://www.armagharchdiocese.org/stpatrick/|website=Archdiocese of Armagh|accessdate=4 October 2017|date=8 November 2007}} External links
12 : 9th-century Christian texts|9th century in Ireland|9th-century Latin books|9th-century manuscripts|Armagh (city)|Christian manuscripts|Gospel Books|Hiberno-Saxon manuscripts|Irish manuscripts|Saint Patrick|Trinity College Library, Dublin|Vulgate manuscripts |
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