| 词条 | Benedict Leonard Calvert |
| 释义 |
| name = Benedict Leonard Calvert | image = Benedict Leonard crop.jpg | caption = Benedict Leonard Calvert painted by Francis Brerewood at the Calvert home of Woodcote Park, Surrey, c. 1726 | office = 15th Proprietary-Governor of Maryland | term_start = 1727 | term_end = 1731 | predecessor = Captain Charles Calvert | successor = Samuel Ogle | constituency = | majority = | birth_date = September 20, 1700 | birth_place = Surrey, England | death_date = June 1, 1732 (aged 31) | death_place = | parents = Benedict Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore Charlotte Lee, Lady Baltimore | spouse = | alma_mater = | children = | residence = | occupation = planter, politician | website = }} Hon. Benedict Leonard Calvert (September 20, 1700 – June 1, 1732) was the 15th Proprietary Governor of Maryland from 1727 through 1731, appointed by his older brother, Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore (1699–1751). He was named after his father, Benedict Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore (1679–1715). Calvert had tuberculosis and died from it on board the family ship, The Charles, on 1 June 1732, while returning to his home in England, aged 31. Early lifeLike many young aristocrats in 18th century England, Calvert was sent on a Grand Tour of Italy, travelling there from 1724–5. During this time he studied Italian architecture and antiquities, collecting many items which were sent back to the family home at Woodcote Park in Surrey.[1] Governor of MarylandIn 1727 the young Benedict Calvert was sent to Maryland by his older brother Lord Baltimore, with instructions to take over the governorship of the colony, replacing his cousin Captain Charles Calvert.[2] The handover of power from cousin to cousin was not entirely smooth. Captain Calvert insisted on retaining fifty percent of the 3 pence tobacco duty which was his due under legislation passed in 1727. Benedict was not impressed, and his younger brother Cecilius wrote to him that family opinion in England was appalled at Captain Calvert's behaviour, and "thinks him mad".[2] Lord Baltimore himself wrote that Benedict should receive the full benefit of the tax.[2] Benedict Calvert was replaced as Governor by Samuel Ogle in 1731. On arrival in Maryland, Ogle wrote to Lord Baltimore that his brother was "much worse than I imagined, and which I believe has not been mended very much by the help of Physik, of which he takes more than anyone I ever knew in my life".[3] Calvert was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in March, 1731.[4] DeathCalvert had tuberculosis and died of consumption on board the family ship, The Charles on 1 June 1732, while returning to his home in England. He was buried at sea.[5][6] He left an estate worth around ten thousand pounds sterling, a large sum at the time, to his younger brother Cecilius Calvert.[6] LegacyCalvert had no children of his own, but he was godfather to Elizabeth Calvert, daughter of his cousin Captain Charles Calvert. In his will, which he drew up before leaving Maryland, he left her a slave boy named Osmyn.[2] The town of Leonardtown, Maryland is named in his honor.{{Citation needed|date=February 2009}} See also
Notes1. ^Yentsch, p.74 2. ^1 2 3 [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PVvGQgXX-3QC&pg=PA61&dq=charles+calvert+emigrated+to+maryland+without+extensive&hl=en&ei=5-RXTK20EoqhOKfBuZoJ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=charles%20calvert%20emigrated%20to%20maryland%20without%20extensive&f=false Yentsch, Anne E, p.61, A Chesapeake Family and their Slaves: a Study in Historical Archaeology, Cambridge University Press (1994)] Retrieved Jan 2010 3. ^Yentsch, p.89 4. ^{{cite web | url= http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27calvert%27%29| title= Library and Archive Catalogue| publisher = Royal Society|accessdate= 21 December 2010}} 5. ^{{cite web |last=Lundy |first=Darryl |url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p7671.htm |title= Benedict Leonard Calvert at www.thepeerage.com |publisher= The Peerage}}{{Unreliable source?|failed=y |date=August 2012}} Retrieved January 23, 2010 6. ^1 [https://books.google.com/books?id=jJX672KW8TMC&pg=PA43&dq=benedict+calvert+consumption&hl=en&ei=B51aTKHPLZCTjAeEsaHpAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=benedict%20calvert%20consumption&f=false Yentsch, Anne E, p.93, A Chesapeake Family and their Slaves: a Study in Historical Archaeology, Cambridge University Press (1994)] Retrieved Jan 2010 References
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5 : 1732 deaths|1700 births|Colonial Governors of Maryland|Calvert family|Fellows of the Royal Society |
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