| 词条 | Bentley 8 Litre |
| 释义 |
|name = Bentley 8 Litre chassis |manufacturer = Bentley Motors Limited |image = Bentley 8 Litre (1930) (14912429238).jpg |caption = Weymann saloon by Mulliner the second car made and W. O. Bentley's personal transport |production = {{Unbulleted list|1930–1932|100 produced}} |assembly = Cricklewood, London |class = Luxury car |body_style = purchaser to arrange with own coachbuilder |layout = FR layout[2] |transmission = {{Unbulleted list|Manual gearbox, 4-speeds and reverse|Single-dry-plate clutch|Hypoid bevel final drive}} |engine = SOHC 8 L I6[4] |wheelbase = {{Unbulleted list|{{Convert|138|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}{{Sfn|Ebyl|2001|pp=192–197}} (3 only)|{{Convert|144|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}[2]|{{Convert|156|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}[2]}} |length = {{Unbulleted list|(12') {{Convert|201.25|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}|(13') {{Convert|213.25|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} }}[2] |width = {{Convert|68.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}[2] |height = depending on coachwork |weight = 2.5 tonnes or more, depending on coachwork |related = Bentley 4-Litre (economy version) |designer = W. O. Bentley |sp = uk }}{{Infobox automobile engine | name =Bentley 8-litre engine | image =File:Bentley 8 Litre saloon by Mulliner 1931 f3q 640 by 480.JPG | manufacturer = | production =1930–1932 | configuration =6-cylinder in-line | displacement ={{convert|7983|cc|cuin|0}} | bore ={{convert|110|mm|in|abbr=on}} | stroke ={{convert|140|mm|in|abbr=on}} | block ={{Unbulleted list|cast iron monobloc with|elektron crankcase}} | head =non-detachable – see block | valvetrain =single overhead camshaft driven by patented triple connecting rods; 4-valves-per-cylinder[4] | compression =5:1 | fuelsystem ={{Unbulleted list|Autovac fuel lifter|Twin SU carburettors|Twin-spark magneto & coil}}[4] | fueltype =petrol | oilsystem = | coolingsystem =Water-cooled, with pump, fan and thermostatically-controlled shutters[4] | power ={{Unbulleted list|{{convert|220|bhp|kW PS|abbr=on}} @3,300rpm|Tax rating 44.9 hp[1]}} | specpower = | torque = | length = | width = | height = | diameter = | weight = }} The Bentley 8 Litre was a luxury car based on the largest rolling chassis made by Bentley Motors Limited at Cricklewood, London. Announced 15 September 1930, it was also the last completely new model by Bentley before the company's financial collapse and forced sale to Rolls-Royce Limited; a 4-Litre engine in a shortened chassis was announced on 15 May 1931. Intended to provide the basis for a super-luxury car for very wealthy buyers, the 8 Litre chassis was introduced a year into the Great Depression. Sales of the 8-litre were too slow to turn the company's finances around and, less than nine months after the 8-litre's introduction, Bentley Motors was placed into receivership. Design and specificationsEngineThe straight-six engine used a one-piece iron block and non-detachable cylinder head with a crankcase made from Elektron, a magnesium alloy. It featured an overhead camshaft driven by a Bentley patented "three-throw drive" system of triple connecting rods{{Sfn|Brooks|2009|pp=27, 32}} with, like all earlier Bentleys, four valves per cylinder and twin-spark ignition (coil and magneto), which were state-of-the-art at the time.{{Sfn|Ebyl|2001|pp=192–197}}{{Sfn|Robson|1990|pp=24, 27}} The engine had a bore of {{convert|110|mm|in|abbr=on}} and a stroke of {{convert|140|mm|in|abbr=on}},[4]{{Sfn|Posthumus|1977|p=115}} giving a capacity of {{convert|7983|cc|cuin|abbr=on}}.[4]{{Sfn|Robson|1990|p=24}}{{Sfn|Posthumus|1977|p=115}} Pistons were of an aluminium alloy.[16] Both engine and gearbox were mounted each at three points on rubber to isolate the chassis and body from vibration.[16] TransmissionAn entirely new design of four-speed gearbox provided four speeds (constant mesh third) and reverse[4]{{Sfn|Robson|1990|p=27}} with a single-plate dry clutch which sent power through a hypoid bevel final drive to the rear axle and its 21" Rudge-Whitworth wire centre-lock wheels.[4] ChassisThe chassis was a ladder frame with large tubular steel cross-members downswept from the front and rear axles towards the centre to lower the centre of gravity.[4] Neither engine nor gearbox contributed to the bracing of the chassis.[4] Suspension by long semi-elliptic leaf springs was controlled by double acting dampers, friction on the front and hydraulic on the rear axle, and all four wheels were fitted with Dewandre vacuum-servo-assisted {{convert|400|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} drum brakes, the forward brakes being of Bentley-Perrott design.[16] Steering was by worm and sector and castor action could be adjusted to suit individual taste.[4] There was centralised chassis lubrication[4]{{Sfn|Brooks|2009|p=32}} including the gaitered springs but not for the front axle or the clutch withdrawal system.[4] The 8-Litre chassis was available with either a {{convert|144|in|mm|adj=on}} wheelbase or a longer {{convert|156|in|mm|adj=on}} wheelbase.[4]{{Sfn|Brooks|2009|p=32}} Three were built with a {{convert|138|in|mm|adj=on}} wheelbase.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} The manufacturer claimed a maximum speed of approximately {{cvt|125|mi/h|km/h}}.{{Sfn|Ebyl|2001|pp=192–197}} A speed in excess of {{convert|105|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} was guaranteed by the manufacturer.[4] ReceptionAnnounced on 15 September 1930 and launched at the London Olympia Motor Show in October 1930,[4] the 8 Litre Bentley was noted for its tractability and smoothness; it could be driven from walking pace to highway speeds in top gear without effort.{{Sfn|Brooks|2009|p=32}}{{Sfn|Posthumus|1977|p=115}} As a result of the worldwide Great Depression, the 8 Litre did not sell well enough to improve Bentley's financial situation.{{Sfn|Robson|1990|p=27}}{{Sfn|Posthumus|1977|p=115}} The chassis was priced at £1,850,[4] roughly equivalent to £293,000 in 2010.[3] Only 100 of these cars were made,{{Sfn|Ebyl|2001|pp=192–197}}{{Sfn|Brooks|2009|p=32}} of which 35 were on the shorter wheelbase and 65 were on the longer wheelbase.{{Sfn|Brooks|2009|p=32}} Fewer than 25 were fitted with open bodies.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} It is suggested{{by whom|date=March 2012}} that the cost of the development of the car was a prime reason for Bentley Motors going bankrupt.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} Bentley made one more attempt at financial recovery by installing modified Ricardo 4-litre engines in a shortened 8-Litre chassis and selling the result as the Bentley 4 Litre.[33][34] Announced on 15 May 1931,[35] only 50 were made before Bentley Motors Ltd. was placed into receivership.[33] When Rolls-Royce bought Bentley Motors from the receiver{{Sfn|Feast|2004|pp=64–65}} in November 1931,{{Sfn|King|2008|p=17}} it discontinued production of the 8-Litre{{Sfn|Brooks|2009|p=32}}{{Sfn|Robson|1990|p=27}} and disposed of all spare parts for it.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} {{Clear left}}Legacy78 Bentley 8 Litre cars were known to survive as at mid-2011.{{Sfn|Johnson|2011|p=11}} Many of these have had their original limousine or saloon bodies replaced by new replica tourer bodies.{{Sfn|Buckley|2004|pp=42–43}} As a result, Bentley 8 Litres with original bodies are much sought after by collectors.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} The only Bentley 8 Litre with an American body, which was also the first Bentley with an all-metal body, was built by the W.M. Murphy Company of Pasadena for a customer in Santa Barbara, California.[37] McKenzie's Garages, a specialist in Rolls-Royce and Bentley cars, modified four 8 Litres in the 1930s: YM5050, with shortened chassis, lowered radiator and bulkhead, and triple SU carburettors,{{Sfn|Hay|pp= 204–206}} YR5083, with a higher-ratio rear axle and triple SU carburettors,{{Sfn|Hay|p= 128}} YX5117, with a lowered and shortened chassis and triple SU carburettors,{{Sfn|Hay|pp= 231–235}} and YX5121, with a shortened and lowered chassis and a tuned engine.[38] {{Clear}}Notes1. ^RAC Rating [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]2. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.vintagebentleys.org/carpages/gk672.php#null|title= 1931 Bentley 8 Litre Chassis No. YF5001 Engine No. YF5001 Registration No. GK 672|author= |date= |website= Vintage Bentleys .org|publisher= Vintage Bentleys .org|accessdate=4 January 2014|archivedate=4 January 2014|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140104152757/http://www.vintagebentleys.org/carpages/gk672.php|deadurl= no}} 3. ^Measuring Worth 4. ^1 2 3 {{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename= Cars of To-Day. (OUR MOTORING CORRESPONDENT). Eight-litre Bentley.|author= |day_of_week= Tuesday |date=9 December 1930|page_number= 19|issue= 45691|column=}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename= Bentley Motors Limited. Display Advertising|author= |day_of_week= Friday |date=15 May 1931|page_number= 11|issue= 45823|column=}} 6. ^1 {{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename= A New Bentley.|author=OUR MOTORING CORRESPONDENT.|day_of_week= Friday |date=15 May 1931|page_number= 13|issue= 45823|column=}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 {{cite news |author= |title= A Great British Car the 8-lire Bentley.|newspaper= The Observer|location= London UK |date=25 January 1931|page= 26}} 8. ^1 1931 Bentley 8-Liter, Conceptcarz 9. ^1 2 Lot 244: Bentley 4-Litre/8-Litre Le Mans-style Tourer, Motorbase 10. ^1 HISTORY OF MARQUES: BENTLEY – British, Sportscars.TV 11. ^1 1931 Bentley 8 Litre Chassis No. YX5121 Engine No. YX5122 Registration no. GW 2926, Vintage Bentleys .org }} References
3 : Bentley vehicles|1930s cars|Cars introduced in 1930 |
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