| 词条 | Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = {{lang|de|Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe}} (BVG) | logo = Bvg-logo.svg | type = state | genre = | foundation = 1928 | founder = | location_city = Berlin | location_country = Germany | locations = | area_served = Berlin | key_people = Sigrid Evelyn Nikutta (CEO) | industry = | products = | services = Public transport | market cap = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | assets = | equity = | owner = State of Berlin (100%) | num_employees = 14,417 (as of 31 December 2016) [1] | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | homepage = {{Official URL}} | footnotes = | intl = }} The {{lang|de|Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe}} (German: "Berlin Transport Company") is the main public transport company of Berlin, the capital city of Germany. It manages the city's {{lang|de|U-Bahn|italic=no}} underground railway, tram, bus, replacement services (EV) and ferry networks, but not the {{lang|de|S-Bahn|italic=no}} urban rail system. The generally used abbreviation, BVG, has been retained from the company's original name, {{lang|de|Berliner Verkehrs Aktiengesellschaft}} (Berlin Transport Corporation). Subsequently, the company was renamed {{lang|de|Berliner Verkehrs-Betriebe}}. During the division of Berlin, the BVG was split between BVG ({{lang|de|Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe Gesellschaft}} in West Berlin) and BVB ({{lang|de|Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe}} in East Berlin, also known as the {{lang|de|Volkseigenes Kombinat Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe}}, BVB). After reunification, the current formal name was adopted. HistoryThe {{lang|de|Berliner Verkehrs Aktiengesellschaft}} was formed in 1928, by the merger of the {{lang|de|Allgemeine Berliner Omnibus AG}} (the operator of the city's buses), the {{lang|de|Gesellschaft für Elektrische Hoch- und Untergrundbahnen}} (the operator of the U-Bahn) and the {{lang|de|Berliner Straßenbahn-Betriebs-GmbH}} (the operator of the city's trams). On 1 January 1938, the company was renamed {{lang|de|Berliner Verkehrs-Betriebe}}, but the acronym BVG was retained.[2] From 1 August 1949, the BVG networks in West Berlin and East Berlin were operated separately. The two operators were originally known as {{lang|de|BVG (West)}} and {{lang|de|BVG (Ost)}}, but from 1 January 1969 the eastern operator was renamed as the {{lang|de|Kombinat Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe}} or BVB. After the reunification of Berlin, the two operators were recombined into the {{lang|de|Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe}} on 1 January 1992. Prior to the division of Berlin, tram lines existed throughout the city, but {{lang|de|BVG (West)}} abandoned all the tram lines in its part of the city, replacing them all by buses by 1967. However {{lang|de|BVG (Ost)}} retained its tram lines, and on the reunification of Berlin the BVG inherited a considerable network of routes in the eastern half of Berlin. On 9 January 1984, {{lang|de|BVG (West)}} took over the responsibility for operation of the {{lang|de|S-Bahn|italic=no}} services in West Berlin. This urban rail network had previously been operated in both halves of Berlin by the {{lang|de|Deutsche Reichsbahn}}, the state rail operator of East Germany, but had been subject to a boycott in the west after the building of the Berlin Wall. With the reunification of Berlin, responsibility for the {{lang|de|S-Bahn|italic=no}} reverted to {{lang|de|Deutsche Bahn AG|italic=no}} (DBAG), the state rail operator of Germany. The {{lang|de|S-Bahn|italic=no}} is currently managed by the {{lang|de|S-Bahn Berlin GmbH}}, a subsidiary company of DBAG.[3] {{lang|de|BVG (West)}} also took part in the Berlin {{lang|de|M-Bahn|italic=no}} project, an urban maglev system, in the period between 1984 and 1992. The project used a section of the {{lang|de|U-Bahn|italic=no}} right of way that was out of service due to the building of the Berlin Wall, and was dropped with the fall of that wall.[4]The BVG launched the {{lang|de|MetroNetz}} on 12 December 2004 which remodeled the tram and bus network to create 24 tram and bus lines (with M prefix) covering parts of the city that weren't served by {{lang|de|S-Bahn|italic=no}} or {{lang|de|U-Bahn|italic=no}}. Chief executive officers
Operations{{lang|de|U-Bahn|italic=no}}{{main article|Berlin U-Bahn}}BVG operates the {{lang|de|U-Bahn|italic=no}}, an urban rapid transit rail system. The {{lang|de|U-Bahn|italic=no}} now comprises nine lines with 173 stations and a total length of {{convert|147|km|mi|1}}. Trains run every two to five minutes during peak hours, every five minutes for the rest of the day and every ten minutes in the evening and on Sunday.[5][6] {{lang|de|U-Bahn|italic=no}} service is provided by 1266 carriages, of which 500 are used on the earlier small-profile lines (U1 to U4) and 766 are used on the later large-profile lines. These cars travel 132 million km (83 million miles), carrying 400 million passengers, over the year.[5][6]Trams{{Main article|Trams in Berlin}}BVG operates a tram network comprising 22 tram lines with 377 stops and measuring {{convert|293.78|km|abbr=in}} in length. Of these, nine are designated as part of the {{lang|de|MetroNetz}}, which provide a high frequency service in areas poorly served by the {{lang|de|U-Bahn|italic=no}} and {{lang|de|S-Bahn|italic=no}}. These {{lang|de|MetroTram}} tram lines are recognisable by an M prefix to their route number, and are the only tram routes to operate 24 hours a day.[6] Tram service is provided by 391 carriages, of which 154 are modern low floor carriages and 237 are older carriages. Virtually all of the remaining network is within the confines of the former East Berlin, as all the routes in the former West Berlin were abandoned during the period of the city's partition. However, there have been some extensions of routes across the former border since reunification, most remarkably to the city’s new main railway station {{lang|de|Berlin Hauptbahnhof|italic=no}} (lines M5, M8 and M10).[6] Buses{{Main article|Bus transport in Berlin}}BVG operates a network of 149 daytime bus routes serving 2634 stops and a total route length of {{convert|1675|km}}, together with a night bus network of 63 bus routes serving 1508 stops and a total route length of {{convert|795|km}}. Seventeen of BVG's bus routes are designated as part of the {{lang|de|MetroNetz}}, which provides a high frequency service in areas poorly served by the {{lang|de|U-Bahn|italic=no}} and {{lang|de|S-Bahn|italic=no}}. Like the {{lang|de|MetroTram}} tram routes, these {{lang|de|MetroBus}} routes can be recognised by an M prefix to their route number. A further 13 BVG-operated bus routes are express routes with an X prefix to their route number.[6] BVG bus service is provided by a fleet of 1349 buses, of which no fewer than 407 are double-decker buses. Whilst such buses are common in Ireland and the United Kingdom, their use elsewhere in Europe is extremely uncommon.[6] Route 218 is partially operated by ex-BVG vintage vehicles now in preservation but used in revenue-earning service. The services depart from {{lang|de|Theodor-Heuss Platz|italic=no}} every two hours from 11:15 to 19:15 and return from {{lang|de|Pfaueninsel|italic=no}} from 10:00 to 20:00. Ferries{{Main article|Ferry transport in Berlin}}Berlin has an extensive network of waterways within its city boundaries, including the Havel, Spree and Dahme rivers, and many linked lakes and canals. These are crossed by six passenger ferry routes that are operated by the BVG.[7] FaresThe BVG is a member of the {{lang|de|Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg}} (VBB), the transport association run by public transport providers in the German states of Berlin and Brandenburg. This body provides a common fare structure that allows travel on various operators in and around Berlin. All BVG services form part of the VBB's common public transport fare structure. This covers the city of Berlin and approximately {{convert|15|km}} beyond the city boundaries. The area is split into three zones. Zone A is the central parts of the city (inside the {{lang|de|Ringbahn}}), and zone B is the outer parts of Berlin City. Zone C covers an area beyond the city boundaries. Ticket fares have a slight price difference between these three zones. For instance in June 2010, a one-day ticket for zone A+B was priced at €6.10, a zone B+C one-day travel ticket was €6.30, and for all three zones A+B+C, the price was €6.50.[8][9] Media{{lang|de|navi}}The {{lang|de|navi}} is a monthly published overview of planned line deviations and changes due to construction measures or events. In addition, it offers alternatives to avoid them and informs about line and timetable adjustments. It is enclosed with the PLUS magazine. The first edition was published in August 2013. PLUSPLUS is the monthly customer magazine of the BVG. The 40-page booklet is available in buses, trams and subway stations, among other places. Subsidiaries{{lang|de|BVG Beteiligungsholding GmbH|italic=no}} & Co. KG{{lang|de|BVG Beteiligungsholding GmbH|italic=no}} & Co. KG (BBH) as the managing holding company has the task of managing the investment companies administratively and strategically and to provide commercial services for the affiliated companies as well as to carry out the investment management for the BVG. On the basis of BBH offers services in the areas of human resources, finance, accounting, controlling, IT and insurance. In addition, their 100% participations include cash pooling and profit transfer agreements. These include the BT, URBANIS and IOB.{{lang|de|BVG Beteiligungsholding Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH|italic=no}}{{lang|de|BVG Beteiligungsholding Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH|italic=no}} (BBV) manages BBH's business as a general partner exclusively.BT Berlin Transport {{lang|de|GmbH|italic=no}}Berlin Transport (BT)'s core business is to provide bus and subway services for the BVG. In addition, the company provides occasional travel services for both — the BVG and third parties. URBANIS {{lang|de|GmbH|italic=no}}The core business of URBANIS is the development and rental of commercial usable areas, especially in the area of Berlin subway stations. {{lang|de|IOB Internationale Omnibusbahnhof-Betreibergesellschaft mbH|italic=no}}The IOB {{lang|de|Internationale Omnibusbahnhof-Betreibergesellschaft mbH|italic=no}} (IOB) operates the {{lang|de|Zentraler Omnibusbahnhof Berlin|italic=no}} (ZOB) in Berlin on behalf of the BVG. The core business of the IOB consists in the control of the remote bus procedures{{what|date=June 2018}} as well as the economic use of the real estate on the ZOB. {{lang|de|Projektrealisierungs GmbH U5|italic=no}}{{lang|de|Projektrealisierungs GmbH U5|italic=no}} is a wholly owned subsidiary of BVG and takes over in connection with the realization of the gap closure of the {{bmti|U5}} subway line in Berlin in particular project management and controlling as well as project marketing for the BVG.{{lang|de|BVG-Fahrzeugfinanzierungsgesellschaft mbH|italic=no}}{{lang|de|BVG-Fahrzeugfinanzierungsgesellschaft mbH|italic=no}} (BVG-FFG) was founded on January 1, 2016 as a 100% subsidiary of the BVG. As a result of the organizational separation between the core business of the BVG and rail vehicle procurement, the assignment for financing and realization of vehicle procurement by the BVG-FFG. As part of to financing the procurement of metro and tram vehicles, it is entitled to a comprehensive representation of the BVG and trades in the name and on account of the BVG. The tasks of the society include the admission of credits to financing the rail vehicle procurement of the BVG, the financing management and the provision of procurement finance and accounting services including controlling.See also
References1. ^{{cite web |title=BVG Geschäftsbericht 2016 |url=http://unternehmen.bvg.de/index.php?section=downloads&download=2517 |publisher={{subst:PAGENAME}} |accessdate=13 January 2018 |page=41 |date=8 May 2017 }} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bvg.de/index.php/de/3903/name/Geschichte+der+BVG.html |title=Die Geschichte der Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe |trans-title=The history of the Berlin public transport |publisher=BVG |language=German |accessdate=23 June 2010}} 3. ^{{cite book |first=Brian |last=Hardy |title=The Berlin S-Bahn Handbook |publisher=Capital Transport Publishing |year=2000 |isbn=1-85414-185-6}} 4. ^{{cite book |first=Brian |last=Hardy |title=The Berlin U-Bahn |publisher=Capital Transport Publishing |year=1996 |isbn=1-85414-184-8 }} 5. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.bvg.de/index.php/en/Bvg/Index/folder/670/name/Underground |title=The Berlin metro (U-Bahn) |accessdate=6 September 2007 |work=Means of Transport & Routes |publisher=BVG |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070820025315/http://www.bvg.de/index.php/en/Bvg/Index/folder/670/name/Underground |archivedate=20 August 2007 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |url=http://www.bvg.de/index.php/de/3901/name/BVG+Zahlenspiegel.html |title=BVG in Zahlen |trans-title=BVG in figures |language=German |publisher=BVG |date=31 December 2009 |accessdate=16 June 2010 }} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bvg.de/index.php/de/3722/name/Faehre.html |title=Linien, Netze & Karten – Verkehrsmittel & Linien – Fähre |publisher=BVG |language=German |accessdate=14 June 2010 }} 8. ^{{cite web |title=Tickets / Ticket fares |url=http://www.vbbonline.de/index.php?cat=2&sCat=394&id_language=2#anker2 |publisher=Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg |accessdate=15 June 2010 }} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bvg.de/index.php/de/3200/name/Tickets+%26+Tarife.html |title=Tickets & Tarife |trans-title=Tickets & Fares |language=German |publisher=BVG |accessdate=16 June 2010}} External links{{Commons-inline|Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe}}
3 : Transport in Berlin|Rail transport in Berlin|Berlin U-Bahn |
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