| 词条 | Bernardo Leighton |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = The Honorable | name = Bernardo Leighton | image = Bernardo Leighton.jpg | caption = Leighton in the early 1970. | office = Chilean Minister of the Interior | term_start = November 3, 1964 | term_end = February 5, 1968 | president = Eduardo Frei Montalva | predecessor = Sótero del Río | successor = Edmundo Pérez Zujovic | office1 = Chilean Minister of Education | term_start1 = February 27, 1950 | term_end1 = February 4, 1952 | president1 = Gabriel González Videla | predecessor1 = Manuel Rodríguez Valenzuela | successor1 = Eliodoro Domínguez | office2 = Chilean Minister of Labor | term_start2 = May 24, 1937 | term_end2 = March 12, 1938 | president2 = Arturo Alessandri | predecessor2 = Roberto Vergara Donoso | successor2 = Juan José Hidalgo | office3 = Member of the Chilean Chamber | term_start3 = May 15, 1969 | term_end3 = September 21, 1973 | constituency3 = Santiago | term_start4 = May 15, 1945 | term_end4 = May 15, 1949 | constituency4 = Antofagasta | birth_name = Bernardo Leighton Guzmán | birth_date = {{Birth date|1909|08|16}} | birth_place = Nacimiento, Chile | death_date = {{Death date and age|1995|01|26|1909|08|16}} | death_place = Santiago, Chile | resting_place = Parque del Recuerdo | nationality = Chilean | party = National Falange {{small|(1938–1957)}} Christian Democratic Party {{small|(1957–1978)}} | spouse = {{marriage|Ana María Fresno Ovalle|1940|1995}}; his death | parents = Bernardino Leighton Gajardo and Sinforosa Guzmán Gallegos | alma_mater = Pontifical Catholic University of Chile | profession = Lawyer | website = {{URL|http://www.corpbleighton.cl/}} }} Bernardo Leighton Guzmán (August 16, 1909, Nacimiento, Bío Bío Province – January 26, 1995, Santiago) was a Chilean Christian Democratic Party politician and lawyer. He served as minister of state under three presidents over a 36-year career. Exiled as a critic of Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship, he was targeted for assassination by Operation Condor. BiographyEarly lifeBernardo Leighton was the son of Judge Bernardino Leighton Gajardo and Sinforosa Guzmán Gallegos. He grew up with admiration for his father, a reputed "justice man". Leighton spent his childhood in Los Angeles, Chile, in the Province of Bío Bío. In 1921, Leighton moved to Concepción for studies and an apprenticeship in the lay section of a seminary. In 1922, he moved to Santiago to work in the local Jesuit school, St. Ignacio.[1] Political lifeAs the student leader at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, he participated in the 1927 riots against Carlos Ibáñez del Campo's dictatorship, which was deposed in 1931. During the same year, Leighton was sent by the Minister Marcial Mora to Coquimbo to placate the local military riots supported by the population.[2] In 1933, he graduated as a lawyer with a thesis on rural works.[1] In 1937, Leighton was appointed Minister of Labor by Arturo Alessandri Palma. During this time he founded – along with his friends and associates, Eduardo Frei Montalva, Radomiro Tomic, and José Ignacio Palma – the National Falange which merged with the Christian Democratic Party in 1957.[3] At various times, he served as the party's vice-president. In 1945, he was elected a deputy in the Chamber of Deputies, for a Antofagasta constituency. Leighton also served as Minister of Education in the Videla Government (1946–1952), and as Minister of the Interior in the Montalva Government (1964–1970). He was re-elected in 1969, and served as legislator until the Chilean coup d'état of 1973. Exile and assassination attempt{{See also|Attempted assassination of Bernardo Leighton}}Leighton's criticism of the military dictatorship resulted in his exile from Chile. In February 1974, he and his wife fled to Rome, Italy, where he started a campaign against Augusto Pinochet's junta.[4] According to CIA documents released by the National Security Archive, Italian terrorist and neo-fascist sympathizer Stefano Delle Chiaie met with DINA agent Michael Townley and Cuban Virgilio Paz Romero in Madrid in 1975 to prepare for the murder of Bernardo Leighton with the help of Francisco Franco's secret police. On October 6, 1975, at 8:20 p.m., Leighton and his wife were shot and severely injured by Stefano Delle Chiaie. The day after the attack, Leighton's brain was operated on in an attempt to prevent loss of speech; however, his brain was severely damaged. This event brought about the end of his pacification intentions to reunite the various groups opposing Pinochet, including the lefts. In 1978, the Chilean government allowed Leighton to return to Chile from Italy,[5] and he retired to a private life. He died on January 26, 1995, in Santiago, Chile. Personal lifeOn August 15, 1940, Leighton married Ana María Fresno Ovalle, a relative of Juan Francisco Fresno. Ana Maria became a paraplegic due to the murder attempt on the couple in October 1975 and died in 2011. The couple had no children. References1. ^1 {{cite news|newspaper=El Mercurio|page=1|date=January 27, 1995}} 2. ^{{cite news|newspaper=La Segunda|page=12|date=January 26, 1995}} 3. ^{{cite book|title=Biografías de chilenos: miembros de los poderes Ejecutivo, Legislativo y Judicial (1876-1973)|author=Armando de Ramón y Otros|publisher=Catholic University of Chile|date=2003}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url = http://www.archivochile.com/Experiencias/test_relat/EXPtestrelat0034.pdf|title = Anita Fresno y Bernardo Leighton, Una pareja que volvió de la muerte|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = |last = |first = }} 5. ^{{cite news | title = Chile to Allow a Top Politician To Return From Exile in Italy | publisher = New York Times | date = 1978-05-14}} Sources
13 : 1909 births|Shooting survivors|1995 deaths|People from Bío Bío Province|Chilean people of English descent|Christian Democratic Party (Chile) politicians|Chilean Ministers of Education|Chilean Ministers of the Interior|Government ministers of Chile|Members of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile|Operation Condor|Pontifical Catholic University of Chile alumni|Chilean exiles |
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