| 词条 | Bernard Samuel |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = |name = Bernard Samuel |honorific-suffix = |image = |imagesize = |smallimage = |caption = |office = 115th Mayor of Philadelphia |term_start = August 22, 1941{{Ref label|aaa|a}} |term_end = January 7, 1952 |predecessor = Robert Lamberton |successor = Joe Clark |office2 = President of the Philadelphia City Council |term_start2 = January 1, 1940 |term_end2 = January 3, 1944 |predecessor2 = Himself{{Ref label|bbb|b}} |successor2 = Andrew Kaelin |office3 = President pro tempore of the Philadelphia City Council |term_start3 = August 19, 1939 |term_end3 = January 1, 1940 |predecessor3 = George Connell{{Ref label|ccc|c}} |successor3 = Himself |birth_date = {{Birth date|1880|3|9}} |birth_place = |death_date = {{Death date and age|1954|1|12|1880|3|9}} |death_place = |party = Republican |spouse = Eleanor Hann |children = |residence = |alma_mater = |occupation = |profession = |religion = |signature = |website = |footnotes = a.{{note|aaa}}Acting Mayor from August 22, 1941 through January 3, 1944 b.{{note|bbb}}As president pro tempore of the City Council c.{{note|ccc}}As Council President }} Bernard "Barney" Samuel (March 9, 1880 – January 12, 1954)[1] was a Republican politician who served as the 115th Mayor of Philadelphia from 1941 to 1952. He is to date the last Republican elected mayor of Philadelphia . Political careerAscension to the office of MayorSamuel first won election to City Council in 1923. When in 1939 George Connell, then president of City Council, became acting mayor upon the death of S. Davis Wilson, Samuel ascended to the position of president pro tempore. Upon the death in August 1941 of Mayor Robert Lamberton, however, Samuel assumed the mayoralty for the remainder of Lamberton's term. Mayoral tenureSamuel won re-election to the mayor's office in 1943 and 1947, defeating Democrats William Bullitt and Richardson Dilworth respectively, to become the first multi-term mayor since William Stokley, who served from 1872 through 1881. His mayoral tenure was the longest in Philadelphia's history. He supported the creation of a city sales tax and was instrumental in creating a city wage tax.[2] In defending the political machine he served, Samuel prepared the city for reform by endorsing creation of Philadelphia's highly touted City Planning Commission and supporting 1947's Better Philadelphia Exhibition, which subjected the failures of a "corrupt and contented" Republican political machine to harsh scrutiny and made the elections of 1949 and 1951 for city controller and mayor, respectively, landmarks in the city's political history. 1944 transit strike{{main article|Philadelphia transit strike of 1944}}Samuel took an active role in trying to quell the 1944 transit strike that beset the city. He closed all alcohol-selling establishments, and Governor Edward Martin followed suit and closed the state liquor stores in the area.[3] The city deployed its full police force, with extra police officers posted at major intersections and other vital points. The NAACP, as well as other black civic groups, worked energetically to maintain calm among the black people of Philadelphia. They distributed more than 100,000 posters in black sections of the city, which read "Keep Your Heads and Your Tempers! ... Treat other people as you would be treated".[4] The six-day strike was triggered by the decision of the Philadelphia Transportation Company (PTC), made under prolonged pressure from the federal government in view of significant labor shortages, to allow black employees of the PTC to hold non-menial jobs, such as motormen and conductors, that were previously reserved for white workers only. It represents one of the most high-profile instances of the federal government invoking the Smith–Connally Act.[5] The Act had been passed in 1943 over President Roosevelt's veto.[6] Samuel was succeeded by Democrat reformist mayors Joe Clark, later a U.S. Senator, and Richardson Dilworth, later a Democratic candidate for Governor.[7] Death and legacySamuel is buried at Arlington Cemetery in suburban Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania.{{citation needed|date = November 2018}} He remains the last Republican Mayor of Philadelphia.{{citation needed|date = November 2018}} References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/samson-samul.html|title=The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Sams to Sanbenito|publisher=|accessdate=7 October 2014}} 2. ^{{cite news|title=Former Mayor of Philly Dies|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=h5NWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=hkENAAAAIBAJ&pg=5442,885091&dq=bernard+samuel+mayor&hl=en|accessdate=February 12, 2012|newspaper=The Greensburg Daily Tribune|date=January 12, 1954}} 3. ^Winkler, p. 82 4. ^Ross, pp. 97–98 5. ^Daniel J. Leab, [https://books.google.com/books?id=XSybNRCfYn0C&pg=PA399&dq=%22Smith–Connally+Act%22+Philadelphia+transit+strike&hl=en&ei=fP1LTOKCNJKTjAeY2ajYDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Smith–Connally%20Act%22%20Philadelphia%20transit%20strike&f=false The Labor history reader], University of Illinois Press, 1985, {{ISBN|0-252-01197-X}}; p. 399 6. ^Peter G. Renstrom, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9g-ZfWRioTcC&pg=PA244&dq=Smith–Connally+Act+veto&hl=en&ei=i_tLTOvCMYi6jAfK2sHYDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Smith–Connally%20Act%20veto&f=false The Stone court: justices, rulings, and legacy.] ABC–CLIO Supreme Court handbooks, 2001, {{ISBN|1-57607-153-7}}; p. 244 7. ^Sorensen, Theodore. Kennedy. New York: Harper and Row, 1965. External links{{Portal|Biography}}
Philadelphia City Council | years=1939–1940 | after=Himself}}{{S-ref|Acting Mayor from 1941 through 1943|As president pro tempore of the City Council|As Council President}}{{PhiladelphiaMayors}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Samuel, Bernard}} 9 : 1880 births|1954 deaths|Jewish mayors of places in the United States|Jewish American politicians|Mayors of Philadelphia|Pennsylvania Republicans|Philadelphia City Council members|Articles containing video clips|20th-century American politicians |
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