| 词条 | Bernard van Dieren |
| 释义 |
| name = Bernard van Dieren | image = Bust of Bernard van Dieren.jpg | caption = Bust of Bernard van Dieren, by Jacob Epstein | background = non_performing_personnel | birth_name = Bernard Hélène Joseph van Dieren | birth_date = {{Birth date|1887|12|27|df=y}} | birth_place = Rotterdam, Netherlands | death_date = {{Death date and age|1936|4|24|1887|12|27|df=y}} | death_place = London, England | instrument = | genre = | occupation = Composer, writer | years_active = | label = | associated_acts = }} Bernard Hélène Joseph van Dieren (27 December 1887{{spaced ndash}}24 April 1936) was a Dutch composer, critic, author, and writer on music, much of whose working life was spent in England. BiographyVan Dieren was the last of five children of a Rotterdam wine merchant, Bernard Joseph van Dieren, and his second wife, Julie Françoise Adelle Labbé. Details of his education are unknown but it seems that his early training was as a scientist, as a research assistant in a laboratory. Gifted in science, extremely intelligent and with a phenomenal memory, he was also well-versed in literature as well as an able violinist and amateur artist. His career as composer began when he was twenty when some of his early works were published in the Netherlands. In 1909 he relocated to London with his wife-to-be, Frida Kindler (1879–1964), a very gifted concert pianist whom he married on 1 January 1910. By this time he had decided to study music seriously. A son, Hans Jean Jules Maximilian Navarre Benvenuto Bernard van Dieren (1910–74), was born the same year.[1] He was largely self-taught, though he spent 1912 in Europe where he met the composers Busoni and Schoenberg.[2] His early contact with the music world was as a musical correspondent for several European newspapers and periodicals. During the First World War he was for a short time involved in secret service in the Netherlands, as a cypher expert in the Intelligence Department. He suffered most of his life from ill health and had numerous operations for kidney-related complaints. To relieve the recurring pain, morphine was prescribed, and it is thought that in later life he became addicted to the drug. Because of these recurring bouts of illness, his wife, a former pupil of Busoni, supported the family by teaching the piano and by giving recitals. They also relied on financial support from a group of admirers and friends, which included notable personalities such as Jacob Epstein, Osbert and Sacheverell Sitwell, Augustus John, Kaikhosru Sorabji, Philip Heseltine (the composer Peter Warlock) and Cecil Gray.[3] The latter two were especially drawn by his charismatic and powerful personality and gave untiring support for his cause by prompting performances and publication of his works. However, this sometimes over enthusiastic support generated a backlash from non-believers. Eric Coates, who played viola in the under-rehearsed premiere of Diaphony (1916), witnessed the contempt of Parry, Stanford and others towards van Dieren.[4] Heseltine made van Dieren his heir in his will, inspiring claims by Heseltine's son Nigel that van Dieren had murdered Heseltine.[5] In 1925 van Dieren worked for the Philips electrical company but recurring illness forced him to resign the following year. Some of his works were published in 1927 and in the same year his Fourth String Quartet was performed at the Frankfurt Festival. In 1930 he completed his comic opera 'The Tailor'[6] (begun in 1916 at Heseltine and Gray's request). He also wrote a book on Epstein (1920)[7] and published a collection of controversial essays entitled Down Among the Dead Men (1935).[8] Eventually two of his more important works were broadcast by the BBC: Diaphony in 1934 and the Chinese Symphony in 1935. He died on 24 April 1936 in London, and is buried on the edge of the graveyard of St Laurence's Church, West Wycombe. Constant Lambert, who conducted the first public performance of the Chinese Symphony from BBC Broadcasting House on 15 March 1935,[9] claimed that the theme for the opening movement, "Palindromic Prelude", from his 1938 ballet Horoscope, was dictated from beyond the grave by van Dieren.[10] Musical StyleThe music of Bernard van Dieren is harmonically chromatic, rhythmically fluid and freely polyphonic, tonally anarchic rather than atonal [11] and often notated without barlines.[12] For his songs, championed by the baritone John Goss in the 1920s and 1930s [13] van Dieren set some German texts (particularly Heine), but mostly chose from the English Romantic poets, including Shelley, Byron, Keats, Beddoes and Walter Savage Landor. According to Stephen Banfield,[14] van Dieren, “if he belongs anywhere”, is best positioned as part of the inter-war lyrical tradition. In his chamber music the influence of Schoenberg can be detected, along with “a textual complexity (comparable with Busoni) which engages the imagination”.[15] The six quartets gained immediate attention from leading performers of the day: for instance the Second String Quartet was premiered by the Amar Quartet, with Paul Hindemith on viola, at the Donaueschingen Festival in 1922.[16] The Fourth and Fifth quartets are written for unorthodox combinations – the Fourth, for instance, is scored for two violins, viola and double bass.[17] The Chinese Symphony (1912–14) [18] shows the characteristic style of the songs and chamber work could be applied to large forces: it is scored for five soloists, chorus and orchestra. The text uses German translations by Hans Bethge of Chinese poetry, also used by Mahler in Das Lied von der Erde a few years earlier. Along with Schoenberg and Busoni, the rhapsodic and lyrical style of Delius can often be heard in the Chinese Symphony and other orchestral works, such as the Elegy for cello and orchestra.[19] Although Oxford University Press published some scores from 1925 onward,[20] much of van Dieren's work remained in manuscript and hard to find for many years after his death, until work of reconstructing missing scores and instrumental parts was carried out by Denis ApIvor and Alistair Chisholm in the 1970s. More recently, Barry Ould of Bardic Edition has been making previously unpublished scores available again.[21] Major WorksOrchestral
Discography
There are also a dozen or so recordings on YouTube that haven't been commercially released, including songs, piano works and the String Quartets Nos 1, 4 and 5.[25] References1. ^Smith, B. (2004). Dieren, Bernard Hélène Joseph van (1887–1936), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2. ^[https://www.allmusic.com/composition/string-quartet-no-6-mc0002492669 Adrian Corleonis, AllMusic] 3. ^[https://www.jstor.org/stable/855464?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Bernard van Dieren, Philip Heseltine and Cecil Gray: A Significant Affiliation Hywel Davies Music & Letters Vol. 69, No. 1 (Jan., 1988), pp. 30–48] 4. ^[https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Suite_in_four_movements.html?id=nZQ6AAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y Eric Coates (1953). Suite in Four Movements] 5. ^Heseltine, Nigel (1992), Capriol for Mother: a Memoir of Philip Heseltine (Peter Warlock), Thames Publishing 6. ^Gazzoni, Giovanni and John Goss (1930). "Bernard van Dieren's 'The Tailor'," The Musical Times, Vol. 71, No. 1053, pp. 999–1000. 7. ^Van Dieren, Bernard (1920). [https://archive.org/stream/epsteine00vandrich#page/n7/mode/2up Epstein.] London: John Lane, The Bodley Head. 8. ^Van Dieren, Bernard (1935). Down Among the Dead Men and other Essays. London: Oxford University Press. 9. ^[https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/16b574f6b24549c4b6279badff351ea7 BBC Radio Times listing, 15 March 1935] 10. ^[https://www.allmusic.com/composition/elegy-for-piano-mc0002412557 Adrian Corleonis, AllMusic] 11. ^[https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Sensibility_and_English_Song.html?id=_vc8AAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y Stephen Banfield (1985). Sensibility and English Song] 12. ^Quartet for Strings No 2 (IMSLP) 13. ^[https://divineartrecords.com/recording/gossiana-a-tribute-to-john-goss/ Divine Art Recordings] 14. ^[https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Sensibility_and_English_Song.html?id=_vc8AAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y Stephen Banfield (1985). Sensibility and English Song] 15. ^Emile Wennekes, notes to CD "String Quartets from the Twenties" 16. ^Emile Wennekes, notes to CD "String Quartets from the Twenties" 17. ^Bacharach, A.L. (ed.) British Music of Our Time, Penguin (1951) p 193. 18. ^[https://webshop.donemus.com/action/front/sheetmusic/6500 Chinese Symphony score – Donemus] 19. ^[https://www.wyastone.co.uk/bernard-van-dieren-chinese-symphony.html Alistair Chisholm (2016), notes to Lyrita CD Chinese Symphony] 20. ^[https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Dieren,_Bernard_van IMSLP Petrucci Music Library] 21. ^Bardic Edition 22. ^MusicWeb International 23. ^MusicWeb international 24. ^[https://www.prestoclassical.co.uk/classical/products/8366893--string-quartets-from-the-twenties Presto Classical] 25. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2GQYjQB3vM Youtube, Alexander Hart] Further reading
External links
16 : 1887 births|1936 deaths|Dutch male classical composers|Dutch classical composers|English male classical composers|20th-century classical composers|Musicians from Rotterdam|Dutch expatriates in the United Kingdom|Dutch music critics|Writers about music|Philips|English music critics|English classical composers|20th-century English musicians|20th-century British composers|20th-century male musicians |
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