| 释义 |
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{{Infobox_gene}}Beta-synuclein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNCB gene.[1][2][3]The protein encoded by this gene is highly homologous to alpha-synuclein. These proteins are abundantly expressed in the brain and putatively inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. The encoded protein, which may play a role in neuronal plasticity, is abundant in neurofibrillary lesions of patients with Alzheimer's disease. This protein has been shown to be highly expressed in the substantia nigra of the brain, a region of neuronal degeneration in patients with Parkinson's disease; however, no direct relation to Parkinson's disease has been established. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.[3]
}}Beta-synuclein is a synuclein protein found primarily in brain tissue and is seen mainly in presynaptic terminals. Beta-synuclein is predominantly expressed in the neocortex, hippocampus, striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum. It is not found in Lewy bodies, but it is associated with hippocampal pathology in PD and DLB.[4] Beta-synuclein is suggested to be an inhibitor of alpha-synuclein aggregation, which occurs in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Thus, beta-synuclein may protect the central nervous system from the neurotoxic effects of alpha-synuclein and provide a novel treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.[5][6] See alsoReferences1. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Spillantini MG, Divane A, Goedert M | title = Assignment of human alpha-synuclein (SNCA) and beta-synuclein (SNCB) genes to chromosomes 4q21 and 5q35 | journal = Genomics | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | pages = 379–81 |date=Nov 1995 | pmid = 7558013 | pmc = | doi = 10.1006/geno.1995.1063 }}
2. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Lavedan C, Leroy E, Torres R, Dehejia A, Dutra A, Buchholtz S, Nussbaum RL, Polymeropoulos MH | title = Genomic organization and expression of the human beta-synuclein gene (SNCB) | journal = Genomics | volume = 54 | issue = 1 | pages = 173–5 |date=Jan 1999 | pmid = 9806846 | pmc = | doi = 10.1006/geno.1998.5556 }}
3. ^1 {{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: SNCB synuclein, beta| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6620| accessdate = }}
4. ^{{cite journal | last1 = George | first1 = JM | title = The synucleins | journal = Genome Biology | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = REVIEWS3002 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11806835 | pmc = 150459 | doi=10.1186/gb-2001-3-1-reviews3002}}
5. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Hashimoto | first1 = M | last2 = Bar-On | first2 = P | last3 = Ho | first3 = G | last4 = Takenouchi | first4 = T | last5 = Rockenstein | first5 = E | last6 = Crews | first6 = L | last7 = Masliah | first7 = E | title = Beta-synuclein regulates Akt activity in neuronal cells. A possible mechanism for neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 22 | pages = 23622–9 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15026413 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M313784200 }}
6. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Hashimoto | first1 = M | last2 = Rockenstein | first2 = E | last3 = Mante | first3 = M | last4 = Mallory | first4 = M | last5 = Masliah | first5 = E | title = beta-Synuclein inhibits alpha-synuclein aggregation: a possible role as an anti-parkinsonian factor | journal = Neuron | volume = 32 | issue = 2 | pages = 213–23 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11683992 | doi=10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00462-7}}
Further reading{{refbegin | 2}}- {{cite journal | vauthors=Jakes R, Spillantini MG, Goedert M |title=Identification of two distinct synucleins from human brain |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=345 |issue= 1 |pages= 27–32 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8194594 |doi=10.1016/0014-5793(94)00395-5 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Jensen PH, Hojrup P, Hager H |title=Binding of Abeta to alpha- and beta-synucleins: identification of segments in alpha-synuclein/NAC precursor that bind Abeta and NAC |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=323 |issue= Pt 2|pages= 539–46 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9163350 |doi= | pmc=1218353 |display-authors=etal}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Pronin AN, Morris AJ, Surguchov A, Benovic JL |title=Synucleins are a novel class of substrates for G protein-coupled receptor kinases |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 34 |pages= 26515–22 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10852916 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M003542200 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Rockenstein E, Hansen LA, Mallory M |title=Altered expression of the synuclein family mRNA in Lewy body and Alzheimer's disease |journal=Brain Res. |volume=914 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 48–56 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11578596 |doi=10.1016/S0006-8993(01)02772-X |display-authors=etal}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Tanji K, Mori F, Nakajo S |title=Expression of beta-synuclein in normal human astrocytes |journal=NeuroReport |volume=12 |issue= 13 |pages= 2845–8 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11588588 |doi=10.1097/00001756-200109170-00018 |display-authors=etal}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Hashimoto M, Rockenstein E, Mante M |title=beta-Synuclein inhibits alpha-synuclein aggregation: a possible role as an anti-parkinsonian factor |journal=Neuron |volume=32 |issue= 2 |pages= 213–23 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11683992 |doi=10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00462-7 |display-authors=etal}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Uversky VN, Li J, Souillac P |title=Biophysical properties of the synucleins and their propensities to fibrillate: inhibition of alpha-synuclein assembly by beta- and gamma-synucleins |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 14 |pages= 11970–8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11812782 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M109541200 |display-authors=etal}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |display-authors=etal}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Ihara M, Tomimoto H, Kitayama H |title=Association of the cytoskeletal GTP-binding protein Sept4/H5 with cytoplasmic inclusions found in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 26 |pages= 24095–102 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12695511 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M301352200 |display-authors=etal}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Fung KM, Rorke LB, Giasson B |title=Expression of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-synuclein in glial tumors and medulloblastomas |journal=Acta Neuropathol. |volume=106 |issue= 2 |pages= 167–75 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12783249 |doi= 10.1007/s00401-003-0718-x |display-authors=etal}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=da Costa CA, Masliah E, Checler F |title=Beta-synuclein displays an antiapoptotic p53-dependent phenotype and protects neurons from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced caspase 3 activation: cross-talk with alpha-synuclein and implication for Parkinson's disease |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 39 |pages= 37330–5 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12867415 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M306083200 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Ohtake H, Limprasert P, Fan Y |title=β-Synuclein gene alterations in dementia with Lewy bodies |journal=Neurology |volume=63 |issue= 5 |pages= 805–11 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15365127 |doi= 10.1212/01.wnl.0000139870.14385.3c| pmc=1808539 |display-authors=etal}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA |title=The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 |display-authors=etal}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Snyder H, Mensah K, Hsu C |title=beta-Synuclein reduces proteasomal inhibition by alpha-synuclein but not gamma-synuclein |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 9 |pages= 7562–9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15591046 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M412887200 |display-authors=etal}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Sung YH, Eliezer D |title=Secondary structure and dynamics of micelle bound β- and γ-synuclein |journal=Protein Sci. |volume=15 |issue= 5 |pages= 1162–74 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16597821 |doi= 10.1110/ps.051803606 | pmc=2242515 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Fan Y, Limprasert P, Murray IV |title=Beta-synuclein modulates alpha-synuclein neurotoxicity by reducing alpha-synuclein protein expression |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=15 |issue= 20 |pages= 3002–11 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16959793 |doi= 10.1093/hmg/ddl242 |display-authors=etal}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Myslinski E, Gérard MA, Krol A, Carbon P |title=A genome scale location analysis of human Staf/ZNF143-binding sites suggests a widespread role for human Staf/ZNF143 in mammalian promoters |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=281 |issue= 52 |pages= 39953–62 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17092945 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M608507200 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors=Sung YH, Eliezer D |title=Residual structure, backbone dynamics, and interactions within the synuclein family |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=372 |issue= 3 |pages= 689–707 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17681534 |doi= 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.07.008 | pmc=2094134 }}
{{refend}}External links{{Nerve tissue protein}}{{gene-5-stub}} |