| 词条 | Betsom's Hill |
| 释义 |
| name = Betsom's Hill | photo = File:Betsom's Hill at Tatsfield, Kent.jpg | photo_caption = View of Betsom's Hill from the south-west | photo_size = 300 | elevation_m = 251 | elevation_ref = | prominence_m = | prominence_ref = | listing = County Top | location = Westerham, England | range = | map = United Kingdom Kent | map_caption = Betsom's Hill in Kent | map_size = 300 | label_position = right | coordinates = {{coord|51.2882|N|0.057188|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | grid_ref_UK = TQ 4355 5633 | topo = | type = | age = | last_eruption = | first_ascent = | easiest_route = }}Betsom's Hill is a hill on the North Downs, and the highest point in the county of Kent at {{convert|251|m|ft}}. Situated between Westerham and Tatsfield, at the western edge of the county, it lies close to where the A233 crosses the Downs en route to Biggin Hill. This is the highest part of the North Downs, with Botley Hill the highest point, nearby to the west. The hill lies at the western end of the Kent Downs, an area of outstanding natural beauty.[1][2][3] GeographyThe crest of the hill was the location of a Victorian defence fort, one of twelve locations along the North Downs built to protect London in case of attack by foreign invaders crossing the channel. Known as Betsom’s Hill Fort or Westerham Fort, it was part of the London Defence scheme, and was intended to act both as a mobilisation centre for volunteer troops, and as an ammunition store. The fort which consisted of ramparts, casemates and a magazine has been partially demolished and converted for use as workshops, with private houses appropriately named Fort Cottages now occupying the site.[4][5][6][7] The highest part of the hill is unmarked, in an area inaccessible to the public, making it the only county top that is on private land and which cannot be easily visited.[1] The lower slopes are more accessible, with the North Downs Way, a long distance trail passing beneath the crest, in an area known as Hill Park. Running in parallel at the foot of the scarp slope is another more ancient route, the Pilgrims Way.[7] The artist and craftsman, John Paul Cooper selected Betsom’s Hill as the location for his house, workshop and studio. He designed the house in the Arts and Crafts style to reflect the local Kentish architecture, and lived there until his death in 1933.[7][8] Westerham HeightsWesterham Heights the highest point of Greater London at {{convert|245|m|ft}} is also part of Betsom's hill, albeit with a separate name. It is located at {{gbm4ibx|TQ436564}}, adjacent to the A233 where the county boundary intersects the dip slope of the escarpment. On the north-west side of the hill, there is another boundary feature, a tripoint where the borders of Surrey, Kent and Greater London meet at Rag Hill.[1][9][3]{{clear}}Westerham HillWesterham Hill is the name given to the stretch of the A233 that ascends Betsom’s Hill up to Westerham heights. In August 1887 it was the venue for one of the earliest cycle hill climbs, even though it was considered nearly impossible to complete due to the steep gradient of the then un-metalled road. Twenty-four competitors took part, using a variety of machines including penny-farthings, tricycles, and the new safety bicycles, all with solid tyres. Organised by the Catford Cycling Club, only half of the starters completed the climb, a rider of a penny-farthing came fourth, with the winner using a safety bike. Westerham was used for another sixteen of these hill climb events, as were a number of other Kent hills. The modern hill climb event is still run nearby at Yorks Hill.[10] See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite book| last=Muir|first=Jonny|title=The UK's County Tops: Reaching the top of 91 historic counties |publisher=Cicerone |year=2011|page=32 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mk6k8LtfV2kC&pg=PA32 |isbn= 9781849655538}} 2. ^{{cite web | url= http://www.hill-bagging.co.uk/CountyTops.php?ct=XX| title=County Tops | publisher=The Mountains of England and Wales | author=Simon Edwardes | accessdate=20 April 2014 | year=2001 }} 3. ^1 {{cite book|author=David Bathurst|title=Walking the County High Points of England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H0X0CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA84|date=2 July 2012|publisher=Summersdale Publishers LTD - ROW|isbn=978-0-85765-755-8|pages=84}} 4. ^{{cite book |url= https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CB07AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT117 |title= Little Book of Surrey | last=Matthews |first=Rupert |year=2010 |page=117| publisher= The History Press |isbn= 9780752462646 }} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.victorianforts.co.uk/redan/mobil.htm|work= Victorian Forts and Artillery|title=London Mobilisation Centres - Gazeteer| publisher=victorianforts.co.uk|accessdate=17 April 2014}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://victorianforts.co.uk/redan/lmc.htm|work= Victorian Forts and Artillery |title=London Mobilisation Centres | publisher=victorianforts.co.uk|accessdate=17 April 2014}} 7. ^{{cite web |url= http://gimson.leicester.gov.uk/leicesterdesigners/john-paul-cooper/j-p-cooper-and-the-arts-crafts-movement/ |title= J P Cooper and the Arts & Crafts Movement |publisher= gimson.leicester.gov.uk |year= 2012 |accessdate= 18 April 2014 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140301171821/http://gimson.leicester.gov.uk/leicesterdesigners/john-paul-cooper/j-p-cooper-and-the-arts-crafts-movement/ |archivedate= 1 March 2014 |df= }} 8. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.bmagic.org.uk/people/John+Paul+Cooper |title= John Paul Cooper - Biography |work= Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery Information Centre |publisher=bmagic.org.uk |year=2012 |accessdate=17 April 2014}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite book| last=Ordnance Survey| authorlink=Ordnance Survey |title=187 Dorking & Reigate |publisher=Ordnance Survey |year=2007 |series=OS Landranger Map Series| isbn= 9780319229545}} 10. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.catfordcc.co.uk/hillclimb/history.aspx?sm=21_4 | title = Hill Climb History| work=Hill Climb Classic | publisher= Catford cycling club | accessdate=8 June 2015}} 4 : Highest points of English counties|Hills of Kent|Geography of the London Borough of Bromley|Hills of London |
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