| 词条 | Bharata (Mahabharata) |
| 释义 |
}}{{about|ledendary king Bharata of Mahabharata|the emperor after whom India was named Bharatvarsha|Bharata Chakravartin}}{{Infobox royalty | name = Bharata | title = Samrat | image = Raja Ravi Varma - Mahabharata - Bharata.jpg | alt = Bharat | caption = Bharat plays with lion cubs Painting by Raja Ravi Varma | birth_place = Sage Kanva hermitage | predecessor = Dushyanta | successor = Bhumanyu | father = Dushyanta of Hastinapura | mother = Śakuntalā | spouse = Sunanda | dynasty = Lunar }} In Hindu scriptures, Bharata ({{lang-sa|भरत|bharata|lit=The Cherished}})[1][2] is an ancestor of the Pandavas and the Kauravas in the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata. Though the Bhāratas are a prominent community in the Rigveda,[3] the story of Bharata is first told in the Adi Parva of the Mahabharata, wherein he is the son of Dushyanta and Shakuntala.[4][5] The story of his parents and his birth is also related in Kalidasa's famous play Abhijñānashākuntala. Bharata in LiteratureAccording to the Mahābhārata (Adi Parva), Bharata was the son of King Dushyanta and Shakuntala and thus a descendant of the Lunar dynasty of the Kshatriya Varna.[6] He was originally named Sarvadamana ("the subduer of all"); the Mahābhārata traces the events in his life by which he came to be known as Bharata ("the cherished"). Bharata's exploits as a child prince are dramatised in Kalidasa's poetic play Abhijñānaśākuntalam.{{sfn|Ganguly|2006|pp=130–132}} Story of BharatAccording to a dramatized version of the events by the poet Kalidasa, the king Dushyanta married Shakuntala on his hunting expeditions in forests. He was captivated by Shakuntala's beauty, courted her in royal style and married her. He then had to leave to take care of affairs in the capital.{{cn|date=November 2016}}[7] She was given a ring by the king, to be presented to him when she was ready to appear in his court. She could then claim her place as queen. Shakuntala gave birth to her child who was named Sarvadamana by the sage Kanwa. Surrounded only by wild animals, Sarvadamana grew to be a strong child and made a sport of opening the mouths of tigers and lions and counting their teeth.{{sfn|Ganguly|2006|pp=130–132}} This narrative varies dramatically from the version in the epic Mahabharata.[8]{{Clarification needed|reason=How does it differ?|date=February 2017}} Bharat performed many sacrifices and Sage Kanva was the chief priest at those sacrifices. Bharata performed a hundred horse sacrifices on the banks of the Yamuna, three hundred on the banks of Saraswati and four hundred on the banks of the Ganga. He again performed a thousand horse sacrifices and a hundred Rajasuya. He also conducted sacrifices such as Agnishtoma, Atiratra, Uktha and Viswajit. He also performed many thousands of Vajapeyas.{{sfn|Ganguly|2006|pp=130–131}} Bharat had a son named Bhúmanyu. In the Adi Parva of Mahabharata, it tells two different stories about Bhúmanyu's birth. The first story says that Bharat married Sunanda, the daughter of Sarvasena, the King of Kasi Kingdom and begot upon her the son named Bhumanyu.[9] According to the second story, Bhúmanyu was born out of a great sacrifice that Bharata performed for the sage Bharadwaja.[10] Bharata lineageEmperor Bharat gave his name to the dynasty of which he was the founder. It was in the Bharat's' dynasty that later the Pandavas of epic Mahabharata were born.{{sfn|Mackenzie|2004|p=157}} See also
Notes1. ^Mahabharata, Adi Parva, Sambhava Parva 2. ^Mahabharata, Adi Parva, Sambhava Parva (in Sanskrit) 3. ^{{citation|last=Singh|first=U.|author-link=Upinder Singh|title=A History of Ancient and Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century|year=2009|publisher=Longman|location=Delhi|isbn=978-81-317-1677-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC|page=187}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Apte|first1=Vaman Shivaram|title=Revised and enlarged edition of Prin. V. S. Apte's The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary|year=1959|publisher=Prasad Prakashan|location=Poona|url=http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.4:1:2619.apte|chapter=भरतः}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Buitenen|first1=J. A. B. van|authorlink1=J. A. B. van Buitenen|title=Mahabharata Book I: The book of beginnings|date=1973|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=9780226846637|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8oe5fY5_3UC&|chapter=Introduction}} 6. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/831317|title=The Mahābhārata|last=|first=|publisher=University of Chicago Press|others=Buitenen, J. A. B. van (Johannes Adrianus Bernardus), 1928-1979,, Fitzgerald, James L.|year=1973|isbn=0226846636|location=Chicago|pages=214|oclc=831317}} 7. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10299417|title=Theater of memory : the plays of Kālidāsa|last=Kālidāsa.|first=|year=1984|publisher=Columbia University Press|others=Miller, Barbara Stoler.|isbn=0231058381|location=New York|pages=109, 122|oclc=10299417}} 8. ^{{cite book|last=Macfie|first=J. M|title=Myths and Legends of India|year=1993|publisher=Rupa & Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-7167-131-1|page=323}} 9. ^Mahabharata, Adi Parva, Sambhava Parva - Bharat Vamsha in Detail {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116130453/http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01096.htm |date=16 January 2010 }} 10. ^ References
|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07065.htm |edition= Drona Parva Section LXVIII|year=2006 |orig-year=1883 |publisher=Sacred Texts |isbn= }}
3 : Characters in the Mahabharata|People in Hindu mythology|Ikshvaku dynasty |
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