“Bigambul”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Bigambul

释义

Name
Country
Alternate names
Clans
Language
History of contact
Native title
Notable Bigambul people
Notes
Citations
Sources
External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2012}}{{Use Australian English|date=May 2012}}{{Infobox
| above = Bigambul people
| abovestyle = background-color: #FFFF99
| subheader = {{small|aka: Bigabul, Pikambul, Bigambal, Preagalgh, Wigal-wollumbul, Wee-n' gul-la-m' bul }}{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=166}}

| caption1 = Border Rivers region
| headerstyle = background-color: #FFFF99
| header1 = Hierarchy{{sfn|AIATSIS|2010}}
| label2 = Language family:
| data2 = Pama–Nyungan
| label3 = Language branch:
| data3 = Wiradhuric
| label4 = Language group:
| data4 = {{Plainlist|

Gamilaraay;
Bigambul

| label5 = Group dialects:
| data5 = {{Plainlist|

Gambuwal;
Kwiambal / Gujambal

| label6 = Group estate:
| header20 = Area (approx. 26,500 sq. km)
| label22 = Bioregion:
| data22 = Northern Tablelands and Border Rivers
| label23 = Location:
| data23 = New South Wales{{spaced ndash}}Queensland border
| label24 = Coordinates:
| data24 = {{coord|28|10|S|150|10|E|region:AU-NSW|display=inline, title}}{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=166}}
| label25 = Mountains:
| data25 =
| label26 = Rivers
| data26 = {{Plainlist|

Weir River;
Moonie River;
Macintyre River;
Middle Creek

| label27 = Other geological:
| data27 = {{Plainlist|

Boobera Lagoon{{sfn|Copeland|1999|p=2}}
Kwiambal National Park{{sfn|Kwiambal National Park}}

| label28 = Urban areas:
| header30 = Notable individuals
| data31 = Chris Sandow
}}

The Bigambul people are an indigenous people of Australia of the Northern Tablelands and Border Rivers regions of New South Wales and Queensland.

Name

In the traditional language, the name of this group is derived from the Bigambul word biga or pika which translates in English to yes. The Bigambul are bounded to the south–east by the Ngarabal, the Kamilaroi to the south, the Kooma to the west, the Mandandanji and Kabi to the north, and the Baruŋgam to the north–east.

Country

Norman Tindale ascribed to the Bigambul a traditional territory spreading over {{convert|26500|km2}} east of Nindigully, on the Weir and Moonie rivers, north to Tara; at Talwood; on the Macintyre River from east of Boomi to Texas; at Yetman, Boggabilla, and at Middle Creek.{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=166}}

Alternate names

Bigabul
Pikambul
Bigambal
Bigambel
Bee-gum-bul
Bigumble
Pikumbul,'Pikumpal, Pikambal
Pikum-bul, Pickum-bul, Pickimbul
Pickumble,Picumbul,Pikumbil
Begumble
Peekumble
Pickumbil
Picumbill
Preagalgh
Wigal-wollumbul
Wee-n' gul-la-m' bul{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=166}}

Clans

The Bigambul have a cultural connection with the northern Kamilaroi people and these people regularly participated in joint ceremonies at Boobera Lagoon.{{sfn|Copeland|1999|p=2}}

Language

The Australian Institute for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies states that the Bigambul language was used by the Bigambul people, with Gambuwal and Kwiambal (or Gujambal) known dialects.{{sfn|AIATSIS|2010}}

However, it is more likely that the Gamilaraay (or Yuwaaliyaay) language was used by those peoples living in southern Bigambul territory.{{sfn|NSWDoAA|2012}}

History of contact

The Bigambul people actively opposed European colonisation of their territory. From the early 1840s they mounted a 14–year guerrilla campaign to expel the settlers. The Bigambul leadership understood the importance of economics in warfare and they specifically targeted horses and cattle rather than just the settlers themselves. The campaign was initially successful with 17 selections being abandoned in Macintyre region in 1843, of which only 13 were re-occupied when Europeans returned 3 years later. The economic war was so successful that it is recorded that one selection was making a loss of £150 per year until 1849. The tide of the campaign turned in 1848 when the Governor set aside £1000 to form the Native Police and appointed Frederick Walker to command them. Walker took the battle to the Bigambul, attacking them in their camps with his stated objective being their annihilation. By 1851 the economic war was effectively over, land values in the area doubled and the wages paid by settlers to employees were halved. Most of the work done on selections in the area was performed by Aborigines in return for food rations. By 1854 only 100 of the Bigambul people were left alive.{{sfn|Copeland|1999|p=10}}

Native title

On 23 February 2001 the Bigambul people lodged a successful native title claim over {{convert|24188|km2}} in South Western Queensland.{{sfn|National Native Title Tribunal}}

Notable Bigambul people

Chris Sandow{{spaced ndash}}a professional rugby league footballer{{sfn|NRL|2011}}

Notes

Citations

Sources

{{cite web| title = Bigambul language (D34) (Qld SH56-01)

| year = 2010
| work = Language and Peoples Thesaurus
| publisher = AIATSIS
| url = http://www1.aiatsis.gov.au/thesaurus/language/mtw.exe?k=default&l=60&s=1&n=1&y=0&w=Bigambul%2Blanguage%2B(D34)%2B(Qld%2BSH56-01)&t=3
| dead-url = yes
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120402221825/http://www1.aiatsis.gov.au/thesaurus/language/mtw.exe?k=default&l=60&s=1&n=1&y=0&w=Bigambul+language+%28D34%29+%28Qld+SH56-01%29&t=3
| access-date = 14 May 2012 | archive-date = 2 April 2012
| ref = {{harvid|AIATSIS|2010}}
}}

{{Cite journal | title = The Native Policer at Callandoon- A Blueprint for Forcede Assimilation?

| last = Copeland | first = Mark
| publisher = Australian Institute of CriminologyHistory of Crime, Policing and Punishment Conference
| date = 9–10 December 1999 | pages = 1–13
| url = http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/conferences/hcpp/copland.pdf
| format = PDF
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| title = The native tribes of south-east Australia

| last = Howitt | first = Alfred William
| author-link = Alfred William Howitt
| year = 1904
| publisher = Macmillan
| url = https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:319345/AU0094_NativeTribes_SE_Australia.pdf
| format = PDF
| ref = harv
}}

{{cite press release| title = Indigenous All Stars team named

| publisher = National Rugby League
| url = http://www.nrl.com/indigenous-all-stars-team-named/tabid/10976/newsid/65573/default.aspx
| date = 7 December 2011 | access-date = 14 May 2012
| ref = {{harvid|NRL|2011}}
}}

{{cite web| title = Kwiambal National Park

| publisher = NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service
| url = http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHeritage.aspx?id=N0156
| access-date = 14 May 2012
| ref = {{harvid|Kwiambal National Park}}
}}

{{Cite journal | title = The Aboriginal languages of eastern Australia compared

| last = Lauterer | first = J.
| author-link = Joseph Lauterer
| journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland
| year = 1897 | volume = 12 | pages = 11–16
| url = https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13873565
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite journal | title = Ngarrabul and other aboriginal tribes: distribution of tribes

| last = MacPherson | first = J.
| journal = Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales
| year = 1904 | volume = 29 | pages = 677–684
| url = https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6327477
| ref = harv
}}

{{cite web| title = Map of NSW Aboriginal Languages

| publisher = New South Wales Department of Aboriginal Affairs
| url = http://www.alrrc.nsw.gov.au/default.aspx?nav_id=32 | dead-url = yes
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120327063707/http://www.alrrc.nsw.gov.au/default.aspx?nav_id=32
| date = 14 May 2012 | access-date = 14 May 2012 | archive-date = 27 March 2012
| ref = {{harvid|NSWDoAA|2012}}
}}

{{Cite journal | title = Languages of some native tribes of Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria

| last = Mathews | first = R. H.
| author-link = Robert Hamilton Mathews
| journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales
| year = 1902 | volume = 36 | pages = 135–190
| url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-52794484/view?partId=nla.obj-93947424#page/n9/mode/1up
| ref = harv
}}

{{cite web| title = National Native Title Tribunal: Bigambul People Claimant application

| publisher = National Native Title Tribunal
| url = http://www.nntt.gov.au/applications/claimant/QC01_6.html | dead-url = yes
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060902220747/http://www.nntt.gov.au/applications/claimant/QC01_6.html
| access-date = 26 March 2006 | archive-date = 2 September 2006
| ref = {{harvid|National Native Title Tribunal}}
}}

{{Cite book| chapter = Journal of a Missionary Tour Among the Aborigines of the Western Interior of Queensland in the Year 1855

| last = Ridley | first = William
| author-link = William Ridley (Presbyterian missionary)
| year = 1861
| title = The Aborigines of Australia
| editor-last = Lang | editor-first = Gideon S. | editor-link = Gideon Lang
| publisher = Edward Stanford | location = London
| pages = 435–445
| chapter-url = https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_216484/AU4022_Queensland_Australia.pdf?
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite book| chapter = Bigambul (QLD)

| last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett
| author-link = Norman Tindale
| year = 1974
| title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
| publisher = Australian National University
| chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/bigambul.htm
| ref = harv
}}

{{Cite journal | title = The Aborigines of Australia

| last = Wyndham | first = W. T.
| journal = Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales
| year = 1889 | volume = 23 | pages = 36–42
| url = https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42720099
| ref = harv
}}{{refend}}

External links

Bibliography of Bigambul people and language resources, at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

2 : Aboriginal peoples of New South Wales|Aboriginal peoples of Queensland

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