| 词条 | Big Bone Cave |
| 释义 |
| name = Big Bone Cave | other_name = | photo = Big bone cave saltpeter vat.jpg | photo_width = 250 px | photo_caption = Civil-war era saltpeter vat in Big Bone Cave | location = Van Buren County, Tennessee, United States | depth = | length = 9.627 m (15.494 km) | survey = | survey_format = | discovery = c. 1810 | geology = Monteagle Limestone | entrance_count = 2 | entrance_list = Main Entrance (collapsed), Arch Cave Entrance | difficulty = | hazards = histoplasmosis | access = restricted | website = TDEC: Big Bone Cave{{Infobox NRHP | embed = yes | name = Big Bone Cave | nrhp_type = | image = | caption = | location = Van Buren County, Tennessee, United States | nearest_city = Bone Cave, Tennessee | coordinates = {{coord|35.7726|N|85.557|W|scale:10000|display=inline,title}} | locmapin=Tennessee | area = {{convert|400|acre|ha}} | built = | added = April 11, 1973 | refnum = 73001853 | mpsub = | governing_body = }} }}(Big) Bone Cave is a cave located in Van Buren County, Tennessee, in the community of Bone Cave that is named after it.[1] It is notable both for its history and current recreational use. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and a designated National Natural Landmark.[2] It is a {{convert|400|acre|ha|1|sing=on}} State Natural Area managed by Rock Island State Park.[3] It is named for the discovery of the bones of a giant ground sloth in 1811. The cave was operated as a saltpeter mine, notably during the War of 1812 and the American Civil War. A variety of natural remains and human artifacts has been well preserved in the dry atmosphere of the cave. The cave is the 10th longest mapped cave in Tennessee.[4] Big Bone Cave formed in Mississippian Montegeale limestone originally on the western escarpment of the Cumberland Plateau. The cave formed prior to 5.7 ±1.09 Ma based in cosmogenic radionuclide dating of pebbles washed into the Muster Ground room.[5] Long passages formed during a long period of water table stability when the climate was warmer and sea levels were higher reducing erosion throughout the Mississippi drainage.[6] At the time, the Cumberland River flowed across the Highland Rim before the formation of the Nashville Basin. Global cooling 3.2-3.1 Ma triggered a {{convert|75|–|100|m|adj=on}} sea-level drop which increased erosion (incision) up the Mississippi River and led to the Cumberland River cutting into the Highland Rim and its headwaters, the Collins River, cutting into the Cumberland Plateau. The lower water table would have drained the water filling the caverns. Further erosion isolated Bone Cave Mountain from the Cumberland Plateau. Notes1. ^{{cite book|last=Miller|first=Larry L.|title=Tennessee Place-names|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zOzPQYkkbaAC&pg=PA26|year=2001|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-21478-5|page=26}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nnlandmarks/site.htm?Site=BIBO-TN|title=National Natural Landmarks - National Natural Landmarks (U.S. National Park Service)|website=www.nps.gov|language=en|access-date=2019-03-25|quote="Year designated: 1973"}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Big Bone Cave Class II N atural-Scientific State Natural Area|url=http://www.tennessee.gov/environment/article/na-na-bone-cave|publisher=Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.caverbob.com/usalong.htm |title=USA LONGEST CAVES |last=Gulden |first=Bob |date=November 28, 2016 |website=NSS Geo2 Long & Deep Caves |access-date=May 29, 2017 |quote=}} 5. ^{{cite journal |last1=Anthony |first1=Darlene M. |last2=Granger |first2=Darryl E. |date=August 2004 |title=A Late Tertiary origin for multilevel caves along the western escarpment of the Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee and Kentucky, established by cosmogenic {{SimpleNuclide2|aluminium|26}} and {{SimpleNuclide2|beryllium|10}} |url=https://caves.org/pub/journal/PDF/V66/v66n2-Anthony.pdf |journal=Journal of Cave and Karst Studies |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=46–55 |issn=1090-6924 |access-date=May 29, 2017}} 6. ^{{cite journal |last1=Shackleton |first1=N.J. |last2=Backman |first2=J. |last3=Zimmerman |first3=H. |last4=Kent |first4=D.V. |last5=Hall |first5=M.A., |last6=Roberts |first6=David G. |last7=Schnitker |first7=D. |last8=Baldauf |first8=J.G. |last9=Desprairies |first9=A. |last10=Homrighausen |first10=R. |last11=Huddlestun |first11=P. |last12=Keene |first12=J.B. |last13=Kaltenback |first13=A.J. |last14=Krumsiek |first14=K.A.O. |last15=Morton |first15=A.C. |last16=Murray |first16=J.W. |last17=Westberg-Smith |first17=J. |date=February 16, 1984 |title=Oxygen isotope calibration of the onset of ice-rafting and history of glaciation in the North Atlantic region |url=https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70013600 |journal=Nature |volume=307 |issue=5952 |pages=620–623 |doi=10.1038/307620a0}} Further reading
External links
8 : Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee|Caves of Tennessee|Wild caves|National Natural Landmarks in Tennessee|State parks of Tennessee|Protected areas of Van Buren County, Tennessee|Landforms of Van Buren County, Tennessee|National Register of Historic Places in Van Buren County, Tennessee |
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