| 词条 | Bimatoprost |
| 释义 |
| Verifiedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 459978941 | IUPAC_name = 7-[3,5-dihydroxy-2- (3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-pent-1-enyl)- cyclopentyl]-N-ethyl-hept-5-enamide | image = Bimatoprost.svg | tradename = Lumigan, Latisse, others | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|bimatoprost}} | MedlinePlus = a602030 | pregnancy_AU = | pregnancy_US = C | pregnancy_category = | licence_EU = yes | legal_AU = | legal_UK = | legal_US = Rx-only | legal_status = | routes_of_administration = Topical (eye drops) | DailyMedID = 46098 | bioavailability = Low | protein_bound = 88% | metabolism = | metabolites = | onset = 4 hrs | elimination_half-life = 45 min after IV application | duration_of_action= ≥ 24 hrs | excretion = 67% kidney, 25% fecal | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} | CAS_number = 155206-00-1 | ATC_prefix = S01 | ATC_suffix = EE03 | ATC_supplemental = | PubChem = 5311027 | IUPHAR_ligand = 1958 | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = DB00905 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 4470565 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = QXS94885MZ | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEBI = 51230 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 1200963 | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}} | KEGG = D02724 | C=25 | H=37 | N=1 | O=4 | molecular_weight = 415.566 g/mol | smiles = O=C(NCC)CCC/C=C\\C[C@H]2[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2/C=C/[C@@H](O)CCc1ccccc1 | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C25H37NO4/c1-2-26-25(30)13-9-4-3-8-12-21-22(24(29)18-23(21)28)17-16-20(27)15-14-19-10-6-5-7-11-19/h3,5-8,10-11,16-17,20-24,27-29H,2,4,9,12-15,18H2,1H3,(H,26,30)/b8-3-,17-16+/t20-,21+,22+,23-,24+/m0/s1 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = AQOKCDNYWBIDND-FTOWTWDKSA-N }}Bimatoprost, sold under the trade name Lumigan among others, is medications used to treat high pressure inside the eye including glaucoma.[1] Specifically it is used for open angle glaucoma when other agents are not sufficient.[2][1] It may also be used to increase the size of the eyelashes.[1] It is used as an eye drop.[2] Effects generally occur within 4 hours.[2] Common side effects include red eyes, dry eyes, change in color of the eyes, blurry vision, and cataracts.[2][2] Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is generally not recommended.[2] It is a prostaglandin analog and works by increasing the outflow of aqueous fluid from the eyes.[2] Bimatoprost was approved for medical use in the United States in 2001.[2] It is avaliable as a generic medication.[2] A 3 milliliter bottle in the United Kingdom costs the NHS about 9.30 £ as of 2019.[3] In the United States the wholesale cost of this amount is about 80 USD.[4] In 2016 it was the 254th most prescribed medication in the United States with more than a million prescriptions.[5] UsesMedicalBimatoprost is used for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension in adult patients, either alone or in combination with a beta blocker[6][7] (typically timolol). Studies have shown bimatoprost to be more effective than timolol in reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) and as least as effective as the prostaglandin analogs latanoprost and travoprost in reducing IOP.[8] CosmeticBimatoprost may be used to treat small or underdeveloped eyelashes.[1] The medical term for this is treatment of hypotrichosis; however, the FDA approval is for purely cosmetic purposes (see Prostaglandin F receptor#Clinical Significance).[9]{{verify source|date=December 2011}} Side effectsSide effects are similar to other prostaglandin analogs applied to the eye. The most common one is conjunctival hyperemia, which occurs in more than 10% of patients. Other effects include blurred vision, eye and eyelid redness, eye burning or other discomfort, and permanent darkening of the iris to brown.[6][7][10] Occasional adverse effects (in less than 1% of patients) are headache and nausea.[6] Some side effects are specific to the cosmetic formulation, which is applied to the skin at the base of the eyelash rather than instilled into the eye. These include infection if the one-time applicators are reused, and darkening of the eyelid or of the area beneath the eye.[10][11] Research suggests that wiping the eye with an absorbent pad after the administration of eye drops can result in shorter eyelashes and a lesser chance of hyperpigmentation in the eyelid, compared to not wiping off excess fluid.[12] InteractionsNo interaction studies with this substance have been performed. Interactions with systemic (for example, oral) drugs are considered unlikely because bimatoprost does not reach relevant concentrations in the bloodstream. Bimatoprost does not negatively interact with timolol eye drops.[6] PharmacologyMechanism of actionBimatoprost is a structural analog of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). Like other PGF2α analogs such as travoprost, latanoprost and tafluprost, it increases the outflow of aqueous fluid from the eye and lowers intraocular pressure. However, in contrast to these it does not act on the prostaglandin F receptor, nor on any other known prostaglandin receptor. It is thought that bimatoprost mimics the human body's own prostamides (which are chemically similar), a class of substances related to prostaglandins, but with an unknown mechanism of action.[6][7] No prostamide receptor has been identified {{as of|2015|lc=on}}; the search is ongoing.[13] PharmacokineticsBimatoprost is well absorbed through the cornea. It starts lowering intraocular pressure after four hours, lasting for at least 24 hours. A low percentage enters the bloodstream. In the blood plasma, peak concentrations are reached after 10 minutes, then drop below the detection limit of 25 pg/ml after 1.5 hours. The substance does not accumulate in the body.[6][7] Plasma protein binding is 88%. Bimatoprost is metabolized by oxidation, N-deethylation and glucuronidation, forming a variety of metabolites. Biological half-life was measured to be 45 minutes after intravenous infusion. 67% are eliminated via the kidney, and 25% via the feces.[6][7]References1. ^1 {{cite web |title=Bimatoprost ophthalmic solution |url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/022369s005lbl.pdf |website=FDA |accessdate=26 March 2019}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |title=Bimatoprost Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/bimatoprost.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |accessdate=26 March 2019 |language=en}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=1149|edition=76}} 4. ^{{cite web |title=NADAC as of 2019-02-27 |url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6 |website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services |accessdate=3 March 2019 |language=en}} 5. ^{{cite web |title=The Top 300 of 2019 |url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx |website=clincalc.com |accessdate=22 December 2018}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book|title=Austria-Codex|editor=Haberfeld, H|publisher=Österreichischer Apothekerverlag|location=Vienna|year=2015|language=German}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 Drugs.com: Bimatoprost {{drugs.com|monograph|bimatoprost}}. 8. ^{{cite journal| author=Curran MP| title=Bimatoprost: a review of its use in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension | journal=Drugs Aging | year= 2009 | volume= 26 | issue= 12 | pages= 1049–71 | pmid=19929032 | doi=10.2165/11203210-000000000-00000 }} 9. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Choi YM, Diehl J, Levins PC | title = Promising alternative clinical uses of prostaglandin F2α analogs: beyond the eyelashes | journal = Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | volume = 72 | issue = 4 | pages = 712–6 | year = 2015 | pmid = 25601618 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.10.012 | url = }} 10. ^1 Latisse prescribing information 11. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/02/health/02latisse.html "Long Lashes Without Prescription, but With Risks"]. Catherine Saint Louis. The New York Times. May 1, 2010 12. ^{{cite journal |author=Xu L, Wang X, Wu M |title= Topical medication instillation techniques for glaucoma |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev|volume=2|pages= CD010520 |date=2017 |pmid= 28218404|doi= 10.1002/14651858.CD010520.pub2 |pmc=5419432}} 13. ^{{cite journal|pmid=25960577|pmc=4422110|year=2015|author1=Shelnut|first1=E. L.|title=Design and synthesis of novel prostaglandin E2 ethanolamide and glycerol ester probes for the putative prostamide receptor(s)|journal=Tetrahedron Letters|volume=56|issue=11|pages=1411–1415|last2=Nikas|first2=S. P.|last3=Finnegan|first3=D. F.|last4=Chiang|first4=N|last5=Serhan|first5=C. N.|last6=Makriyannis|authorlink6=Alexandros Makriyannis|first6=A|doi=10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.164}} External links
3 : Cosmetics chemicals|Hair loss medications|Prostaglandins |
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