| 词条 | Birmingham and Midland Institute |
| 释义 |
The Birmingham and Midland Institute (BMI) ({{gbmapping|SP066870}}), is an institution concerned with the promotion of education and learning in Birmingham, England. It is now based on Margaret Street in Birmingham city centre. It was founded in 1854 as a pioneer of adult scientific and technical education (General Industrial, Commercial and Music); and today continues to offer arts and science lectures, exhibitions and concerts. It is a registered charity. There is limited free access to the public, with further facilities available on a subscription basis. HistoryFollowing the demise of the Birmingham Philosophical Institution, founded c.1800,[1] which was wound up in 1852, the BMI was founded in 1854 by Act of Parliament "for the Diffusion and Advancement of Science, Literature and Art amongst all Classes of Persons resident in Birmingham and the Midland Counties", as the Council had rejected the Free Libraries and Museums Act 1850. The principal promoter of the project was Arthur Ryland, while others prominent in its establishment included George Dixon, John Jaffray, and Charles Tindal.[2] The BMI commissioned architect Edward Middleton Barry to design a building next to the Town Hall in Paradise Street. The foundation stone was laid by Prince Albert in November 1855.[3] With the building half-completed, in January 1860, the first public museum was opened in the BMI. Immediately the Council reversed its decision, and adopting the Act, negotiated with the BMI to buy the rest of the site. The other half of the planned building (up to Edmund Street) was completed by William Martin using the intended façade but redesigned behind. The municipal Public Library opened in 1866, but burned down during the building of an extension in 1879. Exhibitions of art were moved from the BMI to Aston Hall during rebuilding. In 1881 John Henry Chamberlain (architect and Honorary Secretary of the BMI) completed an extension to the Institute. When its old building was demolished in 1965 as part of the redevelopment of the city centre the BMI moved to Margaret Street, the home of the private Birmingham Library, built in 1899 to the designs of architects Jethro Cossins, F. B. Peacock and Ernest Bewley, and now a Grade II* listed building.[4] A blue plaque on this building commemorates Albert Ketèlbey, who studied at the Birmingham School of Music when it was part of the Institute. Charles Dickens was an early president after giving recitals in the Town Hall to raise funds. The BMI contains the 100,000 volumes of the Birmingham Library, founded in 1779. In 1876, the subject of "phonography" (or Pitman shorthand) was introduced to the BMI. During the first session, Marie Bethell Beauclerc, the first female shorthand reporter in England, taught 90 students. By 1891, there were over 300 students, predominately male, attending her phonography classes. A School of Metallurgy was set up in the BMI by G. H. Kenrick in 1875. This was spun-out from the BMI in 1895 as the Birmingham Municipal Technical School, now Aston University.[5] Weather recordingIn 1837 A. Follett Osler (Fellow of the Royal Society) gave a presentation on readings taken by a self-recording anemometer and rain gauge he had designed. He was funded by the Birmingham Philosophical Institution to design instruments and record meteorological data. He gave instruments to the BPI and BMI starting an almost unbroken record of weather measurements from 1869 (to 1954, date of source material). In 1884 the BMI leased Perrott's Folly, a 100-foot monument in Edgbaston, for use as an observatory. In 1886 the City of Birmingham Water Department allowed the BMI to erect instruments in an observatory on the nearby covered water reservoir. By 1923 a daily weather map was on display outside the Institute. The Observatory was still in operation in 1954 (date of source material). The Observatory received funding from the City Council, and the Air Ministry at various times. Affiliated organisationsVarious independent societies are affiliated to the BMI including: the Birmingham Philatelic Society, Moseley United Nations Association, Institute Ramblers, Birmingham and Warwickshire Archaeological Society, Alliance of Literary Societies, Birmingham Art Circle, Birmingham Water Colour Society, Midland Painting Group, Midland Spaceflight Society, Workers Educational Association, Dickens Fellowship, Olton Recorded Music Society, British Russian Society, the Birmingham and Midland Society for Genealogy and Heraldry, the Royal Institute of British Architects, Birmingham Film and Television Festival, Midland Co-operative Society and the Society for the History of Astronomy.{{cn|date=October 2016}} PresidentsThe office of president is held by some person of eminence in the arts, sciences or public life. The presidential term lasts one year; and one of the presidential tasks is to deliver an inaugural address. In the early years, the president was usually a person of prominence in the West Midlands, but the election of Charles Dickens in 1869 raised the Institute's profile, and it became possible to invite a person of national renown to serve.[6] The following is a selective list of presidents:[7] {{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
}} References1. ^{{Cite book |author=Anon. |title=An Historical and Descriptive Sketch of Birmingham, with some account of its environs, and forty-four views of the principal public buildings, etc. |page=185 |publisher=Beilby, Knott & Beilby |place=Birmingham |year=1830 |url=https://archive.org/stream/historicaldescri00birm#page/184/mode/2up }} 2. ^Waterhouse 1954, pp. 11–23. 3. ^{{cite news |title=Birmingham and the Midland Institute |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Illustrated_London_News/Volume_27/771/Birmingham_and_the_Midland_Institute |work=The Illustrated London News |volume=27 |issue=771 |date=24 November 1855}} 4. ^{{NHLE |num=1343095 |desc=Birmingham and Midland Institute |access-date=5 October 2016|mode=cs2|fewer-links=yes}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www1.aston.ac.uk/about/history/|title=History and Traditions|date=2010|publisher=Aston University|accessdate=2010-08-09}} 6. ^Waterhouse 1954, p. 46. 7. ^A full list of presidents to 1954 appears in Waterhouse 1954, pp. 183–4. Sources
External links
5 : Grade II* listed buildings in Birmingham|Buildings and structures in Birmingham, West Midlands|Learned societies of the United Kingdom|1854 establishments in England|Organizations established in 1854 |
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