释义 |
- References
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}{{Use British English|date=March 2018}}The Bishop of Caithness was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of Caithness, one of Scotland's 13 medieval bishoprics. The first referenced bishop of Caithness was Aindréas, a Gael who appears in sources between 1146 and 1151 as bishop. Aindréas spent much if not all of his career outside his see. Other bishops before Aindréas are possible, but none is documented. King David I of Scotland, is credited with founding many bishoprics, and it is possible that Caithness was one of them. Little documented history exists before the reign of King David. The earliest bishops resided at Halkirk, with a castle at Scrabster. Bishop Gilbert de Moravia moved the episcopal seat to Dornoch in what is now Sutherland (then regarded as part of Caithness), and the bishopric remained at Dornoch Cathedral for the remainder of its existence. The Bishopric of Caithness' links with Rome ceased to exist after the Scottish Reformation, but continued, saving temporary abolition between 1638 and 1661, under the episcopal Church of Scotland until the Revolution of 1688 led to the permanent abolition of episcopacy in the established church in Scotland (now Presbyterian in government) in 1689. Tenure | Incumbent | Notes |
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-See left | Some lists give Angerius Brito; this is in fact Bishop Angerius of Catania in Sicily. Catania and Caithness were often written identically. See G. W. S. Barrow, "Angerius Brito, Cathensis Episcopus", in Traditio, xxvi, (1970), p. 351. | | 1147 x 1151-1184Aindréas of Caithness | First known bishop of Caithness; famously, Aindréas is named as a source by the writer of de Situ Albanie. | | 1184 x 1199-1202John of Caithness | | | 1213-1222Adam of Melrose | Formerly Abbot of Melrose; was burned to death in his kitchen, at Halkirk, by the husbandmen of Caithness, in a tithe revolt. | | 1222 x 1223-1245Gilbert de Moravia | Moved the seat of the diocese to Dornoch | | 1246 x 1247-1255William | | | 1263-1270Walter de Baltrodin | | | 1272 x 1273Nicholas | Nicholas had been abbot of Scone. Pope Gregory X refused to confirm his election because of his "intolerable lack of learning". | | 1274-1275 x 1278Archibald Heroch | | | 1278-1279Richard | Richard had been Dean of Caithness. Richard was old and infirm by the time of his election; Pope Nicholas III persuaded Richard to resign his election rights. | | 1279-1282Hervey de Dundee | Hervey was elected to the see after the resignation of Bishop Richard. Hervey died on his way for confirmation at the Papal court. | | 1282-1291Alan de St Edmund | | | 1291 x 1296John | | | 1296Adam de Darlington | | | 1296-1297 x 1304Andrew de Buchan | | | 1304-1321 x 1327Fearchar Belegaumbe | | | 1328-1329 x 1341David | | | 1341-1342Alan de Moravia | | | 1342-1365 x 1369Thomas de Fingask | | | 1369-1379 x 1380Maol Choluim de Drumbreck | | | 1381-1412Alexander Man | | | 1414-1422Alexander Vaus | | | 1422-1426John de Crannach | | | 1427-1445 x 1446Robert de Strathbrock | | | 1446-1447 x 1448John Innes | | | 1448-1477William Mudy | | | 1478-1484Prosper Camogli de' Medici | Also known as Prosper Camulio de Janua. | | 1484John Sinclair | | | 1501-1517Andrew Stewart (elder) | | | 1517-1540 x 1541Andrew Stewart (younger) | | | 1544-1548Alexander Gordon | Provided by crown to replace Stewart; resigned claim in 1548. | | 1542-1586Robert Stewart | Second son of John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox, and brother of Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox. He spent many years as "bishop postulate" in England. He became a reformer, although he retained the title of bishop until his death in 1586. | | 1586-1587Robert Pont | | | 1600-1604George Gledstanes | Translated to Archbishopric of St Andrews. | | 1604-1616Alexander Forbes | | | 1616-1638John Abernethy | | | 1638Robert Hamilton | Episcopacy abolished in Scotland until Restoration of 1661. | | 1662-1680Patrick Forbes | | | 1680-1688/9Andrew Wood | Episcopacy permanently abolished in the Church of Scotland. He died aged 76 years old, in 1695. | |
References- Broun, Dauvit, "The Seven Kingdoms in De Situ Albanie: A Record of Pictish political geography or imaginary Map of ancient Alba", in E.J. Cowan & R. Andrew McDonald (eds.), Alba: Celtic Scotland in the Medieval Era, (Edinburgh, 2000, rev. 2005).
- Crawford, Barbara, "The Earldom of Caithness and the Kingdom of Scotland, 1150-1266" in Keith Stringer (ed.), Essays on the Nobility of Medieval Scotland, (Edinburgh, 1985), pp. 25-43
- Dowden, John, The Bishops of Scotland, ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912)
- Jackson, Kenneth H. (ed), The Gaelic Notes in the Book of Deer, (Cambridge, 1972)
- Keith, Robert, An Historical Catalogue of the Scottish Bishops: Down to the Year 1688, (London, 1924)
- Lawrie, Sir Archibald, Early Scottish Charters Prior to A.D. 1153, (Glasgow, 1905)
- Watt, D.E.R., Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae Medii Aevi ad annum 1638, 2nd Draft, (St Andrews, 1969)
{{Scottish Church}} 2 : Bishops of Caithness|1689 disestablishments in Scotland |