| 词条 | BL 10-pounder mountain gun |
| 释义 |
|name=Ordnance BL 10-pounder mountain gun | image= Indian 10 pounder mountain gun and crew Gallipoli AWM C02073.jpg | image_size = 300 |caption=Indian Army 10 pounder mountain gun and crew, Gallipoli, 1915 |origin=United Kingdom |type=Mountain gun |is_artillery=yes |is_ranged=yes |is_bladed= |is_explosive=yes |is_UK=yes |service= 1901–1918 |used_by=United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland British Raj |wars=World War I |designer= |design_date= |manufacturer=Woolwich Arsenal, Elswick Ordnance Company (UK) |unit_cost= |production_date= |number= |variants=MK I |spec_label= |weight=Breech: {{convert|207|lb|kg|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} Barrel: {{convert|197|lb|kg|abbr=on|sigfig=4}} Total: {{convert|874|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=4}}[1] |length= |part_length=Bore: {{convert|72.4|in|m|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} Total: {{convert|76.4|in|m|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}[1] |width= |height= |diameter= |crew= |cartridge=Shrapnel, Common shell[1] {{convert|10|lb|kg|sigfig=3}} |caliber= {{convert|2.75|in|mm|sigfig=3}} |action=Breech Loading with separate shell and charge |rate= |velocity={{convert|1,289|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}[1] |range={{convert|3,700|yd|m|sigfig=4}} (Time Fuze) {{convert|6,000|yd|m|sigfig=4}} (Percussion fuze)[2] |feed= |sights= |breech= |recoil=None |carriage=Wheeled, box trail |elevation=-15° - 25°[2] |traverse=0° |filling= |filling_weight= |detonation= |yield= }} The Ordnance BL 10 pounder mountain gun [3] was developed as a BL successor to the RML 2.5 inch screw gun which was outclassed in the Second Boer War. HistoryThis breech-loading gun was an improvement on the {{convert|2.5|in|mm|sigfig=3}} muzzle-loading screw gun but still lacked any recoil absorber or recuperator mechanism. It could be dismantled into 4 loads of approximately {{convert|200|lb|kg|sigfig=3}} for transport, typically by mule. It was originally manufactured without a Gun shield, but these were made and fitted locally during World War I e.g. at Nairobi in 1914 for the East Africa campaign, also at Suez in 1915 for the Gallipoli campaign.[8] It was eventually replaced by the BL 2.75 inch Mountain Gun from 1914 onwards but was still the main mountain gun in service when World War I began. {{Expand section|date=May 2008}}Combat serviceBritish mountain guns were operated by men of the Royal Garrison Artillery. World War IGuns of the 26th Mountain Battery of the Indian Army were the first British Empire artillery to open fire in the Middle East in World War I, on 26 January 1915, Qantara (Kantara), against the Turkish advance towards the Suez Canal.[4] The gun was used notably in the Gallipoli Campaign in 1915 by two Indian Army units, the 21st (Kohat) Mountain Battery (Frontier Force) and 26th (Jacobs) Mountain Battery of the 7th Indian Mountain Brigade with 6 guns each at Anzac, and by the Scottish Territorial Force unit, the 4th Highland (Mountain) Brigade, Royal Garrison Artillery (Argyllshire and Ross & Cromarty Batteries with 4 guns each) at Helles and then Suvla. The 21st Battery was granted the title "Royal" in 1922 for its actions including Gallipoli, unique for an artillery battery.[4] There is some evidence that the Turkish defenders on Gallipoli were also using the 10 pounder, bought prewar from New Zealand, as the ANZACs discovered 10 pounder shell bodies fired at them made in India which were not from their own guns.[5][6] In the East Africa campaign, the following Indian batteries used the 10 pounder with distinction in constant action :-
The gun was also used in the Palestine campaign. See also
Weapons of comparable role, performance and era
Surviving examples
Notes and references1. ^Common shell were "Special for India" (Treatise on Ammunition 1915, page 159). References will be found to Indian mountain batteries using common shell in World War I. 2. ^1 2 3 4 Hogg & Thurston 1972, page 41 3. ^Britain typically designated smaller ordnance by the weight of its standard projectile rather than calibre. Hence this gun typically fired a projectile weighing approximately {{convert|10|lb|kg}}. 4. ^1 2 Farndale 1988 5. ^Major A. C. Fergusson 21 (Kohat) Mountain Battery, writing in 1916. Reprinted in "The Gallipolian" No.85 - Winter 1997 6. ^CEW Bean,"THE OFFICIAL HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA IN THE WAR OF 1914-1918 Volume II" page 65. 11th Edition, published by Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1941 7. ^Farndale 1988, page 307-309 8. ^Farndale 1988, page 313-314 9. ^Farndale, page 351 10. ^Farndale 1988, page 344 11. ^Farndale 1988, page 345, 346 12. ^Farndale 1988, page 338 13. ^Farndale 1988, page 351 Bibliography
External links{{Commons category|BL 10 pounder Mountain Gun}}
5 : Artillery of the United Kingdom|World War I artillery of the United Kingdom|Mountain artillery|World War I mountain artillery|70 mm artillery |
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