| 词条 | BL 12-inch howitzer | ||
| 释义 |
|name= BL 12-inch howitzer | image= 12inchHowitzerNewfoundlanders1942.jpg | image_size = 300 |caption=12-inch howitzer Mk IV manned by Newfoundland troops training in the UK, 1942 |origin=United Kingdom |type= Heavy siege howitzer |is_ranged= |is_artillery=yes |is_UK=yes |service=1916 - 1945 |used_by= UK and Commonwealth |wars=World War I, World War II |designer=Vickers |design_date= |manufacturer=Vickers |unit_cost= |production_date= |number=14 (Mk II); 43 (Mk IV) |variants=Mk II, Mk IV[1] |weight= |length= |part_length=160 inch (Mk II) 207.6 inch (Mk IV)[2] |width= |height= |diameter= |crew= |cartridge=HE {{convert|750|lb|kg|abbr=on}} |caliber={{convert|12|in|mm|sigfig=4}} |action= |rate= |velocity= |range= |max_range={{convert|11,340|yd|km|abbr=on}} (Mk II) {{convert|14,350|yd|km|abbr=on}} (Mk IV)[2] |feed= |sights= |breech= |recoil=Variable hydropneumatic |carriage=siege carriage |elevation= |traverse= }} The Ordnance BL 12-inch howitzer was a scaled-up version of the successful BL 9.2-inch siege howitzer. HistoryFollowing the success of their BL 9.2-inch howitzer, Vickers designed an almost identical version scaled up to a calibre of 12 inches, the Mk II entering service on the Western Front in August 1916.[3] Eight complete equipments are reported as arriving in August 1916 and being in action in France shortly afterwards. It was similar but unrelated to the BL 12 inch railway howitzers Mk I, III and V produced by the Elswick Ordnance Company at the same time. The Mk IV was a more powerful version with longer barrel produced from 1917. Later models were used for British home defence in World War II. {{clear left}}Service useAs with other large-calibre weapons, it was operated by the Royal Garrison Artillery in World War I. The 12-inch was dismantled and transported in six loads mounted on traction engine wheels. It was then reassembled on its static siege mounting on top of a steel "holdfast", with 22 tons of earth in a box sitting on the front of the holdfast in front of the gun, to counteract the kick of firing. {{clear left}}AmmunitionSee also
Weapons of comparable role, performance and era
Notes1. ^Mk II = Mark 2, Mk IV = Mark 4. Britain used Roman numerals to denote Marks (i.e. models) of ordnance until after World War II. Hence this article describes the second and fourth models of British BL 12-inch howizers. Marks I, III and V were the models of the unrelated BL 12-inch railway howitzer. 2. ^1 Hogg & Thurston 1972, page 181, 184 3. ^Hogg & Thurston 1972, Page 180. References{{Reflist}}Bibliography
External links{{Commons category|BL 12 inch howitzer}}
6 : World War I artillery of the United Kingdom|World War I howitzers|Siege artillery|World War II artillery of the United Kingdom|305 mm artillery|Vickers |
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