| 词条 | Blackburn B-2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Blackburn B-2 was a British biplane side-by-side trainer aircraft of the 1930s. Designed and built by Blackburn Aircraft, 42 were built. DevelopmentThe Blackburn B-2 was developed by Blackburn as a successor for its earlier Bluebird IV trainer, retaining the layout and side-by-side seating of the earlier aircraft, but having a semi-monocoque all-metal fuselage, instead of the metal and fabric-covered fuselage used by the earlier aircraft. The single-bay biplane wings were of similar structure to those of the Bluebird IV and could be folded for easy storage. Leading edge slots were fitted to the upper wing to improve low-speed handling, with ailerons on the lower wings only. The conventional landing gear was fixed, with the mainwheels supported on telescopic legs and a spung tailskid.[1] The prototype B-2 (registered G-ABUW) first flew on 10 December 1932,[2] powered by a {{convert|120|hp|kW|abbr=on}} de Havilland Gipsy III engine, although the {{convert|130|hp|kW|abbr=on}} de Havilland Gipsy Major and 120 hp Cirrus Hermes IV engines were also fitted to production aircraft.[3][3] Testing proved successful, with the aircraft proving to be very manoeuvrable, and the first production aircraft flew in 1932.[4] Operational historyThe B-2 was aimed mainly at the military trainer market,[5] and the prototype B-2 was shipped to Lisbon in September 1933 for evaluation by Portugal. Although it performed well in the evaluation, the Portuguese preferred a tandem layout, and purchased the de Havilland Tiger Moth.[6] Although not successful in competing for major military orders, the B-2 continued in production to equip civilian flying schools in the United Kingdom that were busy training pilots for the Royal Air Force under the RAF expansion scheme, with the B-2 equipping flying schools owned by Blackburn at Brough Aerodrome and London Air Park, Hanworth. A total of 42 B-2s, including the prototype, were built, with production continuing until 1937.[7] The last three B-2s were sold to the Air Ministry and issued to the Brough flying school where they were operated in RAF markings.[7] On the outbreak of the Second World War, the aircraft at Hanworth were moved to Brough, where the two training schools merged, becoming No 4 Elementary Flying Training School.[8] The school at Brough continued to be operated by Blackburn, with the aircraft remaining with civilian registrations (although they were repainted with wartime training markings with yellow fuselages, camouflaged wings and RAF roundels).[9] The remaining aircraft were taken over by the RAF in February 1942,[2] being handed over to the Air Training Corps, where they were used as instructional airframes.[8] Operators
SurvivorsOnly two B-2s survived to fly postwar; one crashed in 1951,[10] and the sole survivor (G-AEBJ) is preserved and maintained in airworthy condition by Blackburn (now part of British Aerospace). G-AEBJ is located with the Shuttleworth Collection at Old Warden.[11] Another fuselage was for many years seen up a tree in an Essex scrapyard before being rescued in the 1980s. The aircraft displays two identities, G-ACBH and G-ADFO and is preserved, still wearing its original paint, at the South Yorkshire Aircraft Museum. Specifications (B-2){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=British Civil Aircraft since 1919, Volume 1 [12] |crew=two |capacity= |length main= 24 ft 3 in |length alt= 7.39 m |span main= 30 ft 2 in |span alt= 9.20 m |height main= 9 ft 0 in |height alt= 2.74 m |area main= 246 ft² |area alt= 22.9 m² |airfoil= |empty weight main= 1,175 lb |empty weight alt= 534 kg |loaded weight main= 1,850 lb |loaded weight alt= 841 kg |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= |max takeoff weight alt= |more general= |engine (prop)=de Havilland Gipsy III |type of prop=4 cylinder in-line engine |number of props=1 |power main= 120 hp |power alt= 90 kW |power original= |max speed main= 97 kn |max speed alt= 112 mph, 180 km/h |cruise speed main= 83 kn |cruise speed alt= 95 mph, 153 km/h |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |range main= 278 nmi |range alt= 320 mi, 515 km |ceiling main= |ceiling alt= |climb rate main= 700 ft/min |climb rate alt= 3.6 m/s |loading main= 7.52 lb/ft² |loading alt= 36.7 kg/m² |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= 0.065 hp/lb |power/mass alt= 0.11 kW/kg |more performance= |armament= |avionics= }} See also{{aircontent|related= *Blackburn Bluebird
|similar aircraft= *de Havilland Tiger Moth
|lists= |see also= }} References1. ^Jackson 1968, p. 330. 2. ^1 Donald 1997, p. 127. 3. ^Jackson 1968, p. 336. 4. ^1 Jackson 1968, p. 331. 5. ^Jackson 1968, p. 332. 6. ^Jackson 1974, p. 219. 7. ^1 Jackson 1968, pp. 333–334. 8. ^1 Jackson 1968, p. 334. 9. ^Jackson 1974, p. 220. 10. ^Jackson 1974, pp. 220–221. 11. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.aeroplanemonthly.com/news/Blackburn_B2_biplane_trainer_moves_to_the_Shuttleworth_Collection_news_114797.html|title= Aeroplane Monthly - Blackburn B2 moves to the Shuttleworth Collection|accessdate= 2007-06-23|date= 2007-04-01|work= |deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071021040729/http://www.aeroplanemonthly.com/news/Blackburn_B2_biplane_trainer_moves_to_the_Shuttleworth_Collection_news_114797.html|archivedate= 21 October 2007|df= dmy-all}} 12. ^Jackson 1974, p. 221.
External links{{commons category|Blackburn B-2}}
4 : British civil trainer aircraft 1930–1939|Blackburn aircraft|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Biplanes |
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