| 词条 | Blackburn Baffin | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Blackburn B-5 Baffin biplane torpedo bomber was a development of the Ripon, the chief change being that a 545 hp (406 kW) Bristol Pegasus I.MS radial replaced the Ripon's Napier Lion water-cooled inline engine. The Baffin was designed by Major F A Bumpus to meet a Fleet Air Arm requirement as a conventional two-seat single-bay biplane of mixed metal and wooden construction with fabric covering. It had swept, staggered, equal-span wings, the lower having an inverse gull to provide clearance for the torpedo while retaining a short undercarriage. Armament comprised one fixed, forward-firing 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Vickers machine gun and one free-mounted .303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis gun in the rear cockpit, plus one 2,000 lb (910 kg) bomb, or 1,576 lb (716 kg) Mk VIII or Mk IX torpedo, or three 530 lb (240 kg) or six 250 lb (110 kg) bombs. DevelopmentIn the early 1930s the torpedo bomber squadrons of the Fleet Air Arm were equipped with the Blackburn Ripon. While the Ripon had only entered service in 1930, it was powered by the elderly water-cooled Napier Lion engine, and it was realised that replacing the Lion with a modern air-cooled radial engine would increase payload and simplify maintenance. In 1932 Blackburn decided to build two prototypes of radial-engined Ripons, one powered by an Armstrong Siddeley Tiger and the second by a Bristol Pegasus, as a private venture (i.e. without an order from the Air Ministry).[1][2] The Pegasus-engined prototype first flew on 30 September 1932, and after testing was chosen in preference to the Tiger-powered aircraft as a short-term replacement for the Ripon. Initial orders were placed for 26 newly built aircraft and 38 conversions of Ripon airframes, production beginning in 1933. A further 26 conversions of Ripons into Baffins were ordered in 1935 because of reliability problems associated with the Armstrong Siddeley Tiger engines powering Blackburn Sharks, and the desire to expand the strength of the Fleet Air Arm.[1][3] An additional three new production Baffins had the 580 hp (430 kW) Pegasus II.M3 engine and were termed the Baffin T8A.[5] The aircraft is said to have inspired the coining of the word "Boffin".{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}} ServiceTwo prototypes and 33 production Baffins went to a training flight at Gosport for dummy deck-landing and torpedo practice, with the first Squadron re-equipping with the Baffin No 812 Squadron, in January 1934. The type went to sea with 810 Squadron on {{HMS|Courageous|50|6}}, 811 on {{HMS|Furious|47|2}}, 812 on {{HMS|Glorious||2}} and {{HMS|Eagle|1918|2}} and 820 Squadron on Courageous. In addition, 14 were sent to Malta to serve on carriers in the Mediterranean. The Baffin served barely two years before being replaced by the Shark and Fairey Swordfish, with 812 Squadron continuing to fly Baffins until December 1936. All British aircraft appear to have been withdrawn from service before the outbreak of the Second World War. In 1937, New Zealand acquired 29 of the best-condition Baffins from the UK to equip Territorial Air Force (reserve) squadrons in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch. Twenty-four were operational on the outbreak of war, 16 in Wellington and eight in Christchurch. At the outbreak of war, these aircraft were utilised as trainers. With the realisation of the threat posed by surface raiders, the RNZAF Baffin was returned to the active list, the survivors being merged in March 1940 as the NZ General Reconnaissance Squadron, renamed 1 GR Squadron in 1941 when half the strength was transferred to 3 GR Squadron. The Baffins were replaced by Lockheed Hudsons before the outbreak of war with Japan; the last Baffins were broken up at Rongotai in 1941. SurvivorThe wreck of RNZAF Baffin NZ160, which crashed in 1937, is being rebuilt.[4] Operators
Variants
Specifications (T.8 Baffin){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=The British Bomber since 1914.[5] |crew=two |capacity= |length main= 38 ft {{frac|3|3|4}} in |length alt= 11.68 m |span main= 44 ft 10 in |span alt= 13.67 m [6] |height main= 12 ft 10 in |height alt= 3.91 m |area main= 683 sq ft |area alt= 63 m2 |airfoil= |empty weight main= 3,184 lb |empty weight alt= 1,447 kg |loaded weight main= 7,610 lb |loaded weight alt= 3,459 kg |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= |max takeoff weight alt= |more general= |engine (prop)= Bristol Pegasus I.M3 |type of prop= 9-cylinder radial engine |number of props=1 |power main= 565 hp |power alt= 421 kW |power original= |max speed main= 118 kn |max speed alt= 136 mph, 219 km/h |max speed more=at 6,500 ft (1,980 ft) |cruise speed main= |cruise speed alt= |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |range main= 426 nmi |range alt= 490 mi, 789 km |endurance={{frac|4|1|2}} hr[7] |ceiling main= 15,000 ft |ceiling alt= 4,570 m |climb rate main= 600 ft/min[7] |climb rate alt= 3.0 m/s |climb rate more=at 5,000 ft (1,500 m) |loading main= |loading alt= |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance= |guns=
|bombs= 1 × 1,800 lb (816 kg) 18 in (457 mm) torpedo or 1,600 lb (726 kg) of bombs. |avionics= }} See also{{aircontent|related= |similar aircraft=
|lists= |see also= }} References1. ^1 Mason 1994, p. 239. 2. ^Jackson 1968, pp. 349–350. 3. ^Jackson 1968, pp. 350–352. 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aeroplanemonthly.com/news/latest-news/538-rebuild-of-unique-naval-biplane-survivor-underway- |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-05-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203041607/http://www.aeroplanemonthly.com/news/latest-news/538-rebuild-of-unique-naval-biplane-survivor-underway- |archivedate=2014-02-03 |df= }} 5. ^1 Mason 1994, p.240. 6. ^17 ft 10 in (5.44 m) folded 7. ^1 Jackson 1968, pp. 356–357.
External links{{commons category|Blackburn Baffin}}{{Blackburn aircraft}} 6 : British bomber aircraft 1930–1939|Blackburn aircraft|Carrier-based aircraft|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Biplanes|Aircraft first flown in 1932 |
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