| 词条 | Black Butte (Oregon) |
| 释义 |
| name = Black Butte | photo = Black Butte, Oregon.jpg | photo_caption = | elevation_ft = 6436 | elevation_ref = {{NAVD88}}[1] | prominence_ft = 3076 | prominence_ref = [2] | location = Jefferson County, Oregon, U.S. | range = Cascade Range | coordinates = {{coord|44.399724139|N|121.635477517|W|type:mountain_region:US-OR_scale:100000_source:NGS|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | range_coordinates = | coordinates_ref = [1] | topo = USGS Black Butte | type = Mafic volcano[3] | age = Pleistocene | volcanic_arc = Cascade Volcanic Arc | last_eruption = About 1,430,000 years ago[4] | first_ascent = | easiest_route = Hike }} Black Butte is a stratovolcano {{convert|5.5|mi|km}} west of Sisters, Oregon in Deschutes National Forest. GeologyBlack Butte looks young, as it is barely eroded (except for little gullies a little bit above the base that were carved by long-gone streams). Mount Washington, which is visible from the summit of Black Butte, looks much more eroded, and older, than Black Butte. However, Black Butte is significantly older than Mount Washington which was eroded by glaciers, but Black Butte is east of the Cascade crest and does not receive enough precipitation to support glaciers, so erosion is minimal. In other words, Black Butte is more shielded from natural erosion and its consequences than the Cascades.[5] It is an extinct volcano composed of basaltic andesite. The cone rises {{convert|3076|ft|0}} over the surrounding plateau. Black Butte is a striking feature just north of US Highway 20, which descends from the east flank of the Cascades. It is nearly symmetrical,[6] with no marks of glaciation. Even though it is older than the High Cascades mountains visible to the west, which are heavily scoured by ice-age glacier activity, Black Butte receives less snow at its lower elevation and location east of the High Cascades. The headwaters of the Metolius River flow from Metolius Springs near the northern base of Black Butte.[6] The spring flows at a consistent rate of {{convert|45000|to|50000|USgal|m3}} per minute.[7] Human historyIn the local indigenous tongue, the mountain is called Turututu, but records show settlers calling it Black Butte as early as 1855.[6] Forest Service road 1110 climbs halfway up the mountain and a hiking trail continues to the summit.[8]At the summit, there are two fire lookout towers. Black Butte Cupola was built in 1924 and decommissioned in 1979. An 85-foot tower built in 1934, collapsed in 2001.[9] Another tower was constructed in 1995 to replace the older one.[10] {{wide image|BlackButtePeakPanorama2012_2.jpg|1000px| View to the northwest from the peak of Black Butte; the Cascade Range mountains Three Fingered Jack can be seen to the left and Mount Jefferson to the right .|60%|left |alt=View to the northwest from the peak of Black Butte}}{{clear left}}See also
References1. ^1 {{cite ngs |id=QD1848 |designation=Black Butte |accessdate=2008-03-31}} 2. ^{{cite peakbagger |pid=16451 |name=Black Butte, Oregon |accessdate=2008-03-31}} 3. ^ {{cite web | url = http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Outreach/AboutVolcanoes/volcano_types_quick_reference.html | title = Learn About Volcanoes | work = Cascades Volcano Observatory | publisher = US Geological Survey | accessdate = 2008-11-18 }} 4. ^ {{cite web | url = http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2683/i2683_bend_pamphlet.pdf | title = Geologic Map of the Bend 30×60-Minute Quadrangle, Central Oregon | page = 22 | publisher = US Geological Survey | accessdate = 2008-03-31 }} 5. ^{{cite web | url=http://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=322806 | title=Black Butte | publisher=Smithsonian Institution | work=Global Volcanism Program | accessdate=13 September 2016}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite book | last = McArthur | first = Lewis A. | authorlink = Lewis A. McArthur | author2 = Lewis L. McArthur | title = Oregon Geographic Names | origyear = 1928 | edition = 6th | year = 1984 | publisher = Oregon Historical Society Press | location = Portland, Oregon | isbn = 0-87595-237-2 | page = 74 }} 7. ^ {{cite journal | last = Peterson | first = N.V. | author2 = R.A. Groh | date = March 1972 | title = Geology and Origin of the Metolius Springs | journal = The Orr Bin | volume = 34 | issue = 3 | publisher = State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries | location = Portland, Oregon | url = http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/dspace/bitstream/1957/3107/1/vol34_no3_ocr.pdf | accessdate = 2008-03-31 }} 8. ^ {{cite web | url = http://www.fs.usda.gov/recarea/centraloregon/recreation/recarea/?recid=39160 | title = Black Butte Trail | publisher = USDA Forest Service | accessdate = 2013-06-10 }} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Black Butte in Deschutes National Forest|url=https://www.hikespeak.com/trails/black-butte-trail-oregon/|website=hikespeak.com|publisher=hikespeak.com|accessdate=2017-01-12}} 10. ^ {{cite web | url = http://www.cooltrails.com/blackbuttelookout.htm | title = Black Butte Lookout | publisher = CoolTrails.com | accessdate = 2008-11-08 }} External links{{commons category|Black Butte Peak, Oregon}}
9 : Volcanoes of Oregon|Landforms of Jefferson County, Oregon|Subduction volcanoes|Cascade Volcanoes|Extinct volcanoes|Buttes of Oregon|Deschutes National Forest|Stratovolcanoes of the United States|Pleistocene volcanoes |
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