| 词条 | Black, Manafort, Stone and Kelly |
| 释义 |
Black, Manafort, Stone and Kelly (often simply Black, Manafort) was a lobbying firm based in Washington, D.C. Formed in 1980 by Roger Stone, Paul Manafort and Charles Black, it merged with Martin B. Gold's Gold & Liebengood to form BKSH & Associates in 1996. HistoryAs Black, Manafort & Stone, the firm was one of the first political consulting groups to work for Ronald Reagan's presidential candidacy in 1980,[1] and would later also have extensive connections to the presidential administrations of George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton.[2] In 1984 it was renamed to Black, Manafort, Stone and Kelly (BMSK) & associates, after Peter G. Kelly was recruited.[3] The firm has represented, and lobbied the US Congress on behalf of, numerous foreign governments and heads of state from both representative democracies and unelected dictatorships including Mohamed Siad Barre of Somalia, dictator Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines,[4][5] dictator Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire,[6] and Jonas Savimbi of Angola. According to "The Torturer's Lobby", a report published by The Center for Public Integrity, the firm received $3.3 million in the early 1990's for their work with dictators.[7] During the 1988 presidential campaign in the United States, it was disclosed that Black, Manafort retained the island nation of the Bahamas as a client at a time its leadership was being attacked for alleged ties to drug traffickers. BMSK officials insisted that they intended only to help the Bahamas obtain more United States aid for efforts to curb drug smugglers.[1] Domestically the firm represented Bethlehem Steel and Tobacco Institute, helped elect Senators Phil Gramm, Jesse Helms, Charles McCurdy Mathias Jr., Arlen Specter, Paula Hawkins and David F. Durenberger—and worked on legislation that benefitted the firm's clients.{{cn|date=November 2016}} In 2015, Paul Manafort has worked as Chief of Campaign of Donald Trump with the collaboration of Roger Stone. PersonnelPrincipals
Others
See also
References1. ^1 [https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/21/us/a-political-power-broker.html "A Political Power Broker"], The New York Times, June 21, 1989 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1554/is_n1_v19/ai_13571831|title=On the town with Jonas Savimbi - huge U.S. lobbying expenditures by Angola|author=Steve Burkholder|first=|date=|year=1993|website=FindArticles|publisher=Common Cause magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041115090959/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1554/is_n1_v19/ai_13571831|archive-date=2004-11-15|dead-url=|accessdate=2007-11-11}} 3. ^{{cite book |title=Agents of Influence |first=Pat |last=Choate |isbn=0671743392 |date=1990 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |pages=307}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/06/2016-donald-trump-paul-manafort-ferinand-marcos-philippines-1980s-213952|title=Paul Manafort’s Wild and Lucrative Philippine Adventure|website=Politico|access-date=August 15, 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.fara.gov/docs/3600-Exhibit-AB-19851101-D0XCT601.pdf|title=Black, Manafort, Stone and Kelly, Public Affairs Company document for U.S. Department of Justice|website=U.S. Foreign Agents Registration Act website (FARA.gov)|access-date=August 15, 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1989/09/25/mobutu-in-search-of-an-image-boost/d0626644-1a49-4414-82b2-70701894dfae/|title=Mobutu in Search of an Image Boost|website=Washington Post|access-date=August 15, 2016}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://cloudfront-files-1.publicintegrity.org/legacy_projects/pdf_reports/THETORTURERSLOBBY.pdf|title=The Torturer's Lobby: How Human Rights-Abusing Nations Are Represented in Washington |format=PDF|last=Brogan|first=Pamela |work=The Center for Public Integrity|date=1992|access-date=January 27, 2019 |isbn= 0-9629012-9-6}} 8. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1985/04/07/partners-in-political-pr-firm-typify-republican-new-breed/8d0b8c04-fabc-43ae-887b-25c7e8af0ec0/ Partners in Political PR Firm Typify Republican New Breed],Thomas B. Edsall, April 7, 1985 9. ^{{Cite news|url=http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,960803-1,00.html|title=The Slickest Shop in Town|last=Thomas|first=Evan|date=1986-03-03|work=Time|access-date=2017-11-02|language=en-US|issn=0040-781X}} External links
5 : 1980 establishments in Washington, D.C.|1996 disestablishments in Washington, D.C.|Companies disestablished in 1996|American companies established in 1980|Lobbying firms |
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