| 词条 | Black triangle (badge) |
| 释义 |
The black triangle was a badge used in Nazi concentration camps to mark prisoners regarded "asocial" and "arbeitsscheu" (work-shy). Those considered asocial included thieves, murderers, nomads, and Aryans who engaged in sexual relations with Jews. Women deemed to be asocial included prostitutes, nonconformists, and lesbians. UsageNaziThe symbol originates from Nazi Germany, where every prisoner had to wear a concentration camp badge on their jacket, of which the design and color categorized them according to the reason for their internment. The homeless were included, as were alcoholics, those who habitually avoided work and employment, draft dodgers, pacifists, Roma and Sinti people, and others.[1] Some black triangle prisoners were mentally disabled or mentally ill.[2] Lesbians{{LGBT symbols}}Nazis considered homosexual women asocial and a threat to German society, and the badge was used to identify them.[3] In the 1970s, the black triangle was first used as a symbol of pride and solidarity by lesbians in the United Kingdom; and its symbolic use was introduced in North America through the "women's peace camp movement".[4] It has also been adopted in remembrance of lesbians who suffered and died at the hands of Nazis.[5] Some lesbians wear it for "historical precision".[3] Disabled peopleSome UK groups concerned with the rights of disabled people have adopted the symbol in their campaigns.[6][7] Such groups cite press coverage and government policies, including changes to incapacity benefits and disability living allowance, as the reasons for their campaigns.[8][9] "The Black Triangle List" was created to keep track of welfare-related deaths due to cuts by the Department for Work and Pensions.[10] Pharmacovigilance{{main|Black triangle (pharmacovigilance)}}The inverted black triangle was first used in the UK to indicate that a drug or vaccine is new and to monitor its usage.[11] The scheme was adopted by the European Union in 2013.[12][13] See also
References1. ^The unsettled, "asocials", alcoholics and prostitutes. Center for Holocaust & Genocide Studies. University of Minnesota. Retrieved September 14, 2012. 2. ^{{Cite web|author=Reddebrek|title=Remembering the Black Triangles|url=https://libcom.org/blog/remembering-black-triangles-16012018|website=libcom.org|date=January 16, 2018|accessdate=4 October 2018}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Elman PhD|first1=R. Amy|title=Triangles and Tribulations: The Politics of Nazi Symbols|journal=Journal of Homosexuality|date=1996|volume=30|issue=3|pages=1–11|issn=0091-8369}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Zoe|first1=Lucinda|title=The Black Triangle|journal=Lesbian Herstory Archives Newsletter|date=June 1991|issue=12|page=7|url=http://www.lesbianherstoryarchives.org/pdf/Newsletters/LHA%20Newsletter%2012%201991.pdf|accessdate=30 July 2018}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Myers|first1=JoAnne|title=The A to Z of the Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage (The A to Z Guide Series, No. 73)|date=2003|publisher=The Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Maryland|edition=1st|page=69|isbn=978-0-8108-6811-3}} (2003 is original U.S. copyright.) 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://blacktrianglecampaign.org/|title=Black Triangle Campaign|website=Black Triangle Campaign}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dpac.uk.net/|title=DPAC – Disabled People Against Cuts|website=www.dpac.uk.net}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://blacktrianglecampaign.org/2011/12/20/no-disability-living-allowance-for-me-nowhere-to-turn-for-many-more/|title=Black Triangle Campaign|date=20 December 2011|publisher=}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://blacktrianglecampaign.org/2011/12/13/britains-press-are-fighting-a-class-war-defending-the-elite-they-belong-to/|title=Black Triangle Campaign|date=13 December 2011|publisher=}} 10. ^{{cite web|last1=Laws|first1=Vince|title=UK Welfare-Related Deaths: The Black Triangle List|url=http://www.disabilityarts.online/uk-welfare-related-deaths-black-triangle-list-30-april-2015/|website=Disability Arts Online|date=April 30, 2015|accessdate=30 July 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=The Black Triangle Scheme (▼ or ▼*)|url=https://www.gov.uk/drug-safety-update/the-black-triangle-scheme-or|website=gov.uk|publisher=Government of the United Kingdom|date=11 December 2014|accessdate=30 July 2018}} 12. ^{{cite web|author=News team|title=Black triangle system rolled out across Europe|url=https://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/news-and-analysis/black-triangle-system-rolled-out-across-europe/11127323.article?firstPass=false|publisher=The Pharmaceutical Journal|date=1 October 2013|accessdate=30 July 2018}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Medicines under additional monitoring|url=http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/special_topics/document_listing/document_listing_000365.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058067bfff|website=European Medicines Agency|date=2013|accessdate=30 July 2018}} Further reading
10 : Class discrimination|Conscientious objection|LGBT symbols|Nazi concentration camps|Lesbianism|Lesbophobia|Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany|Homelessness|History of anarchism|Triangles |
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