| 词条 | Black-winged flycatcher-shrike |
| 释义 |
| name = Black-winged flycatcher-shrike | image = Black-winged Flycatcher-Shrike - Gunung Gede - West Java MG 3861 (29773557386).jpg | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | genus = Hemipus | species = hirundinaceus | authority = (Temminck, 1822) | synonyms = Hemipus obscurus Muscicapa hirundinacea }} The black-winged flycatcher-shrike (Hemipus hirundinaceus) is a species of bird in the flycatcher-shrike genus, Hemipus. It is usually placed in the Vangidae. It is found in the Malay Peninsula and the Greater Sunda Islands. Its natural habitats are lowland forests and sometimes swamps and mangroves. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as being of least concern. TaxonomyThomas Horsfield described this species as Muscicapa obscura in 1821, and it was later transferred to the genus Hemipus, as Hemipus obscurus. Because Muscicapa obscura was an unavailable name, the name Muscicapa hirundinacea published by Coenraad Jacob Temminck in 1822[2] was used, making the name Hemipus hirundinaceus.[3] The IOC World Bird List transferred the genus Hemipus from Campephagidae, the cuckooshrikes, to Tephrodornithidae, the woodshrikes,[4] because it was found to be closely related to Tephrodornis in 2006.[5] The Handbook of the Birds of the World places both genera in Vangidae.[6]DescriptionThe black-winged flycatcher-shrike is about {{convert|15|cm|abbr=on}} long.[7] The male's head and upperparts are black, having a green sheen. The rump has black and white bars, and the tail is black. The chin and upper throat are white, the lower throat and breast are gull grey, and the belly is white. The leg feathers are dark grey. The eyes are dark brown, and the beak and feet are black. The female's upperparts are sooty brown instead of black. The juvenile bird has a brownish black beak and sooty brown upperparts with buff fringes.[8] Distribution and habitatThis species ranges from the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Borneo, Java and Bali. A record from southern Tenasserim is not supported by evidence. It is found below {{convert|800|m|abbr=on}} in elevation and is more common below {{convert|300|m|abbr=on}}; this is usually lower than the bar-winged flycatcher-shrike (Hemipus picatus). The black-winged flycatcher-shrike lives in the canopy of lowland forests and forest edges and along forest roads and streams, and it sometimes occurs in swamps, mangroves and secondary forest.[8] BehaviourThis flycatcher-shrike catches insects from the underside of leaves and in the air, often perching at an exposed location. It is most often found in pairs and also occurs singly, in small parties and in mixed-species foraging flocks. Its calls include a wirrawik and a sharp chisi-wik, and its song is a high-pitched twee wi-wi-wi-wi. Breeding has been inferred to occur from February to July. The cone-shaped nest is attached to a branch using cobweb. The male collects pieces of bark, lichen, fibres and cobweb, and the female shapes the nest by pressing its body against it. The bark camouflages the nest, making it hard to spot.[8] The eggs are white, with dark brown spots. Moulting occurs from May to at least August. The primaries are replaced starting outwards from the innermost feathers.[8] StatusThe population is declining because of habitat loss, but not rapidly enough to make it vulnerable, so the IUCN has assessed it to be a least-concern species.[1] References1. ^1 {{cite journal|author=BirdLife International|title=Hemipus hirundinaceus|journal=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|volume=2016|page=e.T22706772A94089151|publisher=IUCN|date=2016|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22706772A94089151.en|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22706772/0|accessdate=7 April 2018}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q602835}}{{DEFAULTSORT:flycatcher-shrike, black-winged}}2. ^{{cite book|last1=Temminck|first1=C. J.|title=Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux|volume=3|at=pl. 119|date=1822|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36704819|language=French}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Oberholser|first1=Harry C.|title=Mutanda ornithologica|journal=Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington|date=1919|volume=32|page=240|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3335345}} 4. ^{{cite web|editor1-last=Gill|editor1-first=F.|editor2-last=Donsker|editor2-first=D.|title=Batises, woodshrikes, bushshrikes, vangas|url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/batises/|website=IOC World Bird List Version 8.1|accessdate=7 April 2018}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Moyle|first1=Robert G.|displayauthors=etal|title=Reconsideration of the phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Bornean Bristlehead (Pityriasis gymnocephala)|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|date=2006|volume=39|pages=893-898|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.024|url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/ornithology/pdfs/2006b.MPE%20Bristlehead.pdf}} 6. ^{{cite encyclopedia|last=Taylor|first=B.|editor1-last=del Hoyo|editor1-first=J.|editor2-last=Elliott|editor2-first=A.|editor3-last=Sargatal|editor3-first=J.|editor4-last=Christie|editor4-first=D. A.|editor5-last=de Juana|editor5-first=E.|title=Black-winged Flycatcher-shrike (Hemipus hirundinaceus)|url=https://www.hbw.com/species/black-winged-flycatcher-shrike-hemipus-hirundinaceus|encyclopedia=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive|publisher=Lynx Edicions}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Jeyarajasingam|first1=Allen|title=A Field Guide to the Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore|date=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199639427|page=273|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XCwUDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA273}} 8. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1=Wells|first1=David R.|title=The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula|volume=2|date=2010|publisher=Bloomsbury|isbn=9781408133132|pages=107–109|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DgZCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA107}} 4 : Hemipus|Birds of Malesia|Birds described in 1822|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。