| 词条 | Blackwood River |
| 释义 |
| name = Blackwood River | image = Colour patch near Blackwood mouth.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Colour patch area at mouth of Blackwood river and start of eastern section of estuary | source1_location = Junction of Arthur River and Balgarup River | mouth_location = Hardy Inlet, Augusta | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = Australia | length = {{convert|300|km|mi|0}}[1] | source1_elevation = {{convert|219|m|ft|0}}[2] | mouth_elevation = sea level | discharge1_avg = {{convert|29.8|m3/s|abbr=on}}[3] | basin_size = {{convert|28100|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}[4] }} The Blackwood River is a major river and catchment in the South West of Western Australia. CourseThe river begins at the junction of Arthur River and Balgarup River near Quelarup and travels in a south westerly direction through the town of Bridgetown then through Nannup until it discharges into the Southern Ocean at Hardy Inlet near the town of Augusta. Hardy Inlet has a number of islands – namely Molloy Island and Thomas Island. The mouth of the river has attracted interest in its various points of opening and closing over the last 100 years, Duke Head at the west side being a benchmark location for the shifting mouth. The river has 41 tributaries including Dinninup Brook, Balingup Brook, St John Brook, Boyup Brook, Tweed River, Ti Tree Gully, Christmas Creek and Tanjannerup Creek.[2] CatchmentThe river has a total catchment area of {{convert|28100|km2|sqmi|0}} stretching from Kukerin in the east to Hardy Inlet in the west,[4] and from Darkan in the north to Augusta in the south.[5] Several major towns are found within the catchment including Katanning, Narrogin, Bridgetown and Nannup. The upper or larger catchment area of the river is in agricultural areas, while the middle catchment area passes through forest areas, and the lower portion of the river passes into mixed forest, agricultural and residential lands. The middle catchment passes through what is known as the Blackwood Plateau between the Whicher Scarp and the Scott Coastal Plain. The river emerges into Flinders Bay at Augusta.[4] The majority of the basin, 78%, is devoted to agriculture, including cereal production and grazing. There are still many significant water resources including over 1,000 wetlands, as well as the river itself.[5] The basin is habitat for an estimated 8,000 species of flora including three threatened ecological communities. A total of 42 rare and priority vertebrate fauna species and 143 rare and priority flora species are found within the basin catchment area.[5] BridgesOccur where the river passes through localities and towns, as well as isolated bridges at places like Alexandra Bridge. HistoryIt was discovered in 1827 by Captain James Stirling and named by Stirling after Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Blackwood, under whom he served as a midshipman on {{HMS|Warspite|1807|6}} in 1808–1809 during the Napoleonic Wars, in the North Sea and the Mediterranean.[6] Historically it was of considerable importance in the early days of the Swan River Colony, and more recently of importance in the ecology of the Augusta-Margaret River region due to conflicts in land use policy. The upper catchment contains Toolibin Lake, a nature reserve and Ramsar site. The river is prone to occasional flooding. In 1945 it rose to the highest level recorded to that date, running {{convert|1.1|m|ft|1}} over the Russell Street bridge in Nannup.[7] The river flooded again in 1946 and 1947 closing roads but not causing any significant damage to towns along the river.[8] In 1949 Nannup received {{convert|174|mm|in|2}} of rain in a period of seven hours, causing flooding. A bridge over the Blackwood connecting the town to Busselton was swept away.[9] In 1982 after the remnants of a tropical cyclone passed through the southwest, the town and surrounding areas were inundated by heavy rains. The Blackwood rose {{convert|11.6|m|ft|0}}, submerging over 50 houses in Nannup.[10] References1. ^{{LandInfo WA|r|B|4 August 2008}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://maps.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&cmd=sp&p=210013&st=&s=Blackwood|title=Bonzle Digital Atlas – Map of Blackwood River, WA|year= 2008|accessdate= 23 November 2008}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.epa.wa.gov.au/docs/swy/ERMP_SWYarragadee_App27.pdf|title=Water Corporation – Ecological water requirementa of Blackwood Riverand tributaries|year= 2007|accessdate= 26 July 2007|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070908230855/http://www.epa.wa.gov.au/docs/swy/ERMP_SWYarragadee_App27.pdf|archivedate= 8 September 2007|df=dmy-all}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.wrc.wa.gov.au/ribbons/blackwood_region.html |title=Waters and Rivers Commission – Ribbons of Blue – Blackwood Region |year= 2004 |accessdate= 26 July 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704065808/http://www.wrc.wa.gov.au/ribbons/blackwood_region.html |archivedate= 4 July 2007 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://swccnrm.org.au/region/blackwood/|title=Blackwood|accessdate=3 October 2016|publisher=South West Catchments Council}} 6. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/intranet/libpages.nsf/WebFiles/FACTSHEETS+SN+07+Origins+electoral+division+names+NEW/$FILE/SN+7+Origins+electoral+division+names+NEW.pdf | title = Origins of Legislative Assembly Electoral Division Names | accessdate = 12 Dec 2013 | author = Western Australian Parliamentary Library | date = March 2005 | format = pdf | publisher = Government of Western Australia}} 7. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article51756177|title=Nannup Flood|newspaper=The West Australian|location=Perth|date=2 July 1945|accessdate=8 April 2013|page=4|publisher=National Library of Australia}} 8. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article95523339|title=Floods at Nannup.|newspaper=Kalgoorlie Miner|location=Western Australia|date=23 June 1947|accessdate=8 April 2013 |page=4 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} 9. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26507403 |title=Heavy Rainfall Floods W.A. Town.|newspaper=The Mercury|location=Hobart, Tasmania|date=28 April 1949 |accessdate=9 April 2013 |page=20 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} 10. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article55187686|title=Floods bring havoc to the south west.|newspaper=The Australian Women's Weekly|location=Sydney|date=17 February 1982|accessdate=8 April 2013 |page=4 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} Further reading
3 : Rivers of Western Australia|Warren (biogeographic region)|Blackwood River |
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