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词条 Blériot-SPAD S.61
释义

  1. Operational history

  2. Variants

  3. Operators

  4. Specifications (S.61/2)

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. Further reading

name=S.61image=Bleriot-SPAD S.61.jpgcaption=

}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type

type=Fightermanufacturer=Blériot, and CWL/PZL under licencedesigner=André Herbemontfirst flight=6 November 1923introduced=retired=status=primary user=Polish Air Forcemore users=Romanian Air Forceproduced=number built= ca. 350, plus 30 built under licence in Polandvariants with their own articles=
}}

The Blériot-SPAD S.61 was a French fighter aircraft developed in 1923. Designed by André Herbemont, the S.61 was a conventional biplane, abandoning the swept upper wing used by Herbemont in several previous designs. The prototype S.61 was evaluated by the French Air Force alongside the S.51 as a potential new fighter, but like its stablemate, was rejected. The Polish Air Force (which had also purchased the S.51) was impressed enough to order 250, as well as purchase licences for local production. The Romanian Air Force also ordered 100 aircraft. About 30 were built in Poland, by the CWL (Centralne Warszaty Lotnicze - Central Aviation Workshops, a predecessor of PZL).

Operational history

Apart from their military service, S.61s were used in France for racing and record-setting attempts. On 25 June 1925, Pelletier d'Oisy won the cross-country Coupe Michelin in an S.61,[1] and another of the type won the 1927 competition and was placed second in 1929. An S.61 was also used by Jean Callizo in his fraudulent attempt on the world altitude record that saw him stripped of his Légion d'Honneur. A Polish S.61 placed second in the Capitaine Echard race at the Zürich aerial meeting in 1927.

The S.61 (known in Poland simply as Spad S.61) had a poor reputation in Poland due to numerous crashes, many attributed to a weak wing mounting. During the period from 1926 to 1931, 26 pilots were killed while flying the S.61.[2]

Variants

S.61/1
prototype for French evaluation, powered by a {{convert|430|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} Lorraine-Dietrich 12E W-12 engine with supplementary supercharger.[3]
S.61/2
production version for Poland and Romania, powered by a {{convert|450|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} Lorraine-Dietrich 12E W-12 engine with supplementary supercharger.[4]
S.61bis
converted S.61/2, powered by a {{convert|430|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} Lorraine-Dietrich 12E W-12 engine with supplementary supercharger.[5]
S.61/3
single machine with reduced wingspan, powered by a {{convert|430|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} Lorraine-Dietrich 12E W-12 engine with supplementary supercharger.[6]
S.61/4
single machine with a {{convert|480|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} Lorraine-Dietrich 12Ee W-12 engine.[7]
S.61/5
three machines with a {{convert|450|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} Hispano-Suiza 12Gb W-12 engine.[8]
S.61/6
racer prototype converted from the S.61bis, powered by a {{convert|430|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} Lorraine-Dietrich 12E W-12 engine with supplementary supercharger.[9]

S.61/6a:single racer

S.61/6b:The S.61/6a converted with extra fuel tankage for the 1924 Coupe Michelin race

S.61/6c:single aircraft built to contest world airspeed record; destroyed in the attempt

S.61/6d:single aircraft built for unsuccessful attempt on world airspeed record.[10]

S.61/7
Powered by a {{convert|450|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb W-12 engine, with Rateau supercharger for world altitude record attempt.[11]
S.61/8
A single S.61/5 refitted with a {{convert|500|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} Hispano-Suiza 12Hb V-12 engine.[12]
S.61/9
single S.61/6d modified for 1929 Coupe Michelin race, powered by a {{convert|230|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} Lorraine 7Ma Mizar radial engine.[13]
S.61Ses
(Ses for Sesquiplane) This was the final version of the Bleriot S.61, fitted with seaquiplane wings, powered by a {{convert|450|hp|kW|abbr=on|disp=flip}} Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb W-12 engine. (1 built).[14]

Operators

{{POL}}
  • Polish Air Force
    • 2nd Fighter Regiment
    • 3rd Fighter Regiment
    • 4th Fighter Regiment
    • 11th Fighter Regiment
{{flag|Romania|1867}}
  • Royal Romanian Air Force
{{USSR}}
  • Soviet Air Force - One aircraft, used for tests and trials.

Specifications (S.61/2)

{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1928[15], Aviafrance:S.61/2[4]
|prime units?=met


|crew=1
|length m=6.6
|upper span m=9.62
|lower span m=8.96
|height m=3.1
|wing area sqm=30
|aspect ratio=
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=1012
|gross weight kg=1522
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight lb=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=


|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=Lorraine-Dietrich 12E
|eng1 type= - W-12 water-cooled piston engine
|eng1 hp=450
|prop blade number=2
|prop name=fixed pitch propeller
|prop dia m=
|prop dia ft=
|prop dia in=
|prop dia note=


|max speed kmh=260
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed mph=
|cruise speed kts=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed kts=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed mph=
|minimum control speed kts=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=400
|combat range km=
|combat range miles=
|combat range nmi=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range miles=
|ferry range nmi=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=
|ceiling m=8500
|g limits=
|roll rate=
|glide ratio=
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude={{cvt|4000|m}} in 9 minutes 29 seconds
|wing loading kg/m2=50.7
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass={{cvt|0.1282|hp/lb|kW/kg|order=flip}}
|more performance=


|armament=2 × fixed, forward-firing {{cvt|7.7|mm|3}} Vickers machine-guns
}}

See also

{{aircontent|
|related=
|similar aircraft=
|sequence=
|lists=
  • List of Interwar military aircraft

|see also=
}}

References

{{commons category|SPAD}}
1. ^{{cite journal|journal=l'Aérophile|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6553816b/f203.image|title=Raids, Records et Performances|page=197|date=1 July 1925}}
2. ^Wojciech Sankowski, Intrygujące Spady in: Lotnictwo z szachownicą nr 6
3. ^{{cite web |last1=Parmentier |first1=Bruno |title=SPAD S-61/1 |url=https://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=9385&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=1231&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF= |website=Aviafrance|accessdate=2 March 2018 |location=Paris |language=French |date=26 November 2001}}
4. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Parmentier |first1=Bruno |title=SPAD S-61/2 |url=https://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=127&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=1231&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF= |website=Aviafrance|accessdate=2 March 2018 |location=Paris |language=French |date=4 December 2001}}
5. ^{{cite web |last1=Parmentier |first1=Bruno |title=SPAD S-61bis |url=https://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=9414ebsite=Aviafrance|accessdate=2 March 2018 |location=Paris |language=French |date=}}
6. ^{{cite web |last1=Parmentier |first1=Bruno |title=SPAD S-61/3 |url=https://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=9415&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=1231&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF= |website=Aviafrance|accessdate=2 March 2018 |location=Paris |language=French |date=3 December 2001}}
7. ^{{cite web |last1=Parmentier |first1=Bruno |title=SPAD S-61/4 |url=https://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=9416&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=1231&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF= |website=Aviafrance|accessdate=2 March 2018 |location=Paris |language=French |date=3 December 2001}}
8. ^{{cite web |last1=Parmentier |first1=Bruno |title=SPAD S-61/5 |url=https://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=9417&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=1231&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF= |website=Aviafrance|accessdate=2 March 2018 |location=Paris |language=French |date=4 December 2001}}
9. ^{{cite web |last1=Parmentier |first1=Bruno |title=SPAD S-61/6 |url=https://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=9418&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=1231&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF= |website=Aviafrance|accessdate=2 March 2018 |location=Paris |language=French |date=3 December 2001}}
10. ^{{cite web |last1=Parmentier |first1=Bruno |title=SPAD S-61Ses |url=https://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=9422&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=1231&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF= |website=Aviafrance|accessdate=2 March 2018 |location=Paris |language=French |date=4 December 2001}}
11. ^{{cite web |last1=Parmentier |first1=Bruno |title=SPAD S-61/7 |url=https://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=9419&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=1231&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF= |website=Aviafrance|accessdate=2 March 2018 |location=Paris |language=French |date=4 December 2001}}
12. ^{{cite web |last1=Parmentier |first1=Bruno |title=SPAD S-61/8 |url=https://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=9420&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=1231&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF= |website=Aviafrance|accessdate=2 March 2018 |location=Paris |language=French |date=4 December 2001}}
13. ^{{cite web |last1=Parmentier |first1=Bruno |title=SPAD S-61/9 |url=https://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=9421&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=1231&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF= |website=Aviafrance|accessdate=2 March 2018 |location=Paris |language=French |date=4 December 2001}}
14. ^{{cite web |last1=Parmentier |first1=Bruno |title=SPAD S-61Ses |url=https://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=9422&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=1231&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF= |website=Aviafrance|accessdate=2 March 2018 |location=Paris |language=French |date=4 December 2001}}
15. ^{{cite book |title=Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1928 |editor1-last=Grey |editor1-first=C.G. |year=1928 |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & company, ltd |location=London |page=87c}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book|last1=Taylor|first1=John W. R.|last2=Alexander|first2=Jean|title=Combat Aircraft of the World|date=1969|publisher=G.P. Putnam's Sons|location=New York|pages=129-130}}
  • {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |pages=164 }}
  • {{cite book |title=World Aircraft Information Files |publisher=Bright Star Publishing|location=London |pages=File 890 Sheet 42 }}
{{SPAD aircraft}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bleriot-Spad S.61}}

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