词条 | Bodhivansha caste |
释义 |
Bodhi Vamsa or Bodhahara is a caste in Sri Lanka. It was also referred to as Panna Dura, Villi Dura, or simply the Dura caste during the colonial period. Originally, members were appointed as guardians of the Sri Maha Bodhi tree. HistoryThe caste traces its origin to the arrival of the Sri Maha Bodhi Tree in Sri Lanka. Dipavamsa, the earliest document of the history of Sri Lanka, states that the following persons came to the island with or associated with Sri Mahabodhi.[1]
The Mahavamsa records state that during the reign of King Parakramabahu I, three lambakarnas (or mahalekha), were sent to southern India for a coronation festival.[2] Accordingly, they are either descendents of Bodhiguptha, Chandragupta, eight kshatriyas or from the gotra lambakarnas. Mahavamsa itself contains a narrative of this incident which is less credible than Dipavamsa. It states that eighteen families of gods, eighteen families of ministers, eight families of Brahmins, eight families of kelembi etc. have been sent from India.[3] However, only a certain "eight situ families are specifically mentioned as Bodahara Caste".[4] According to later sources, these situ clans are Bodhiguptha, Chandragupta, Samudragupta, Sumitta, Devagupta, Sooryagupta, Dharmagupta, and Juthidara, relatives of King Dharmashoka. It was commonly believed that the members of this caste were descendants of this clan (in particular, Bodhiguptha), and are also connected to the lambakarnas[5][6] Connection with Sinhalese royaltyMany Sinhalese royals prior to the Kandyan era claimed descent from the families that accompanied the Sri Maha Bodhi. For example, Kawyashekaraya, a Kotte era literary source mentions: මහබෝ රකින ලෙස සැලසු බෝ කලක් වැස එමහ බෝ අබියස විසූ කුලයන් මෙලක මුල් බැස සිරි සඟබෝ නිරිඳු විකුම් වැඩි මහසෙන් රදු කිත්සිරි මේ නිරිඳු බුජස් මහනම කුමර දස් රඳු The above two verses refer to castes that were entrusted to protect the Bodhi tree establishing roots in the country and producing kings like Sirisangabo, Mahasen, Kithsiri mewan, Buddhdasa, Mahanama, and Kumaradasa. However, due to the absence of direct descendants who claim to be of this caste, it is difficult to prove that this is the same royal clan that lost power by the 17th century. The following provides further evidence for royal lineage:
Colonial periodSince the 17th century, the status of the Bodhivansha caste gradually declined as a result of social changes due to western colonial influence. Throughout the colonial period, particularly during the British colonial era, it was portrayed as several disconnected castes with names such as pannadura, villidura, and dura that were not in use prior to the 17th century. Jobs like grass cutting[17][18][19] have been proposed by various writers without referring to historical and literary sources like the Dipavamsa, Mahavamsa, or Pujavaliya. During this time of decline, they functioned mainly as soldiers, with some holding high ranks.[20] Their military capability is visible even after the collapse of Kanyan kingdom, as they actively supported rebellions of 1818, 1834, and 1848.[21] They also functioned as royal officers attached to various departments like the Kuruwe (elephant men), royal stables, and prisons. Some cared for the royal cattle shed[22] and others held posts as mananna, or grain measurers, of the royal storehouses.[23] Samarakkodi, second Adigar of King Kirti Sri Rajasinha, who was instrumental in re-establishing Buddhism in Sri Lanka is a high-ranking officer from this caste.[24] Notable members
References1. ^The Dipavamsa, An ancient Buddhist historical record, Hermann Oldernberg, Asian Educational Services, Fourth reprint, New Delhi, 2006, p 88, p 195 2. ^Mahavansha (Sinhala),Buddhist Cultural Center,7 th reprint,2010,pp 382 3. ^Mahavansha (Sinhala), Buddhist Cultural Center, 7th reprint, 2010, pp 81 4. ^Mahavansha (Sinhala), Buddhist Cultural Center, 7th reprint, 2010, pp 84 5. ^{{cite web|title=හාරිස්පත්තුවේ ආරියවංශාලංකාර හිමි|url=http://www.silumina.lk/2013/10/27/_art.asp?fn=af1310274|website=Silumina|accessdate=13 June 2017|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20141204032715/http://www.silumina.lk/2013/10/27/_art.asp?fn=af1310274|archivedate=4 December 2014|df=}} 6. ^Dumbara Harispaththuwa Amarapura Puranaya, H.S.S. Nissanka, Department of Cultural Affairs, 2000, pp 89 7. ^{{Cite book|title=Inscriptions of Ceylon, Volume V|last=|first=|publisher=Department of Archeology|year=2004|isbn=|location=|pages=|via=}} 8. ^archives.dailynews.lk/2009/06/16/fea28.asp 9. ^archives.dailynews.lk/2009/06/17/fea12.asp 10. ^archives.dailynews.lk/2009/06/19/fea16.asp 11. ^Rajarathnakaraya,Karunadasa Rupasinghe,S.Godage & Bros.,1995,pp 129 12. ^{{Cite book|title=Inscriptions of Ceylon, Volume IX|last=|first=|publisher=Depaprtment of Archeology|year=2015|isbn=|location=|pages=11|via=}} 13. ^https://archive.org/stream/agazetteercentr00lawrgoog#page/n79/mode/2up 14. ^{{cite web|title=ගැමුණු කුමරු කොත්මලේ සැඟවී සිටි නිවෙස සොයා මව්බිම ගිය ගමන|url=http://www.mawbima.lk/55-28078-news-detail.html|website=Mawbima News Paper|accessdate=13 June 2017|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20140525062803/http://www.mawbima.lk/55-28078-news-detail.html|archivedate=25 May 2014|df=}} 15. ^http://www.divaina.com/2009/10/04/siya10.html 16. ^https://archive.org/stream/agazetteercentr01lawrgoog#page/n191/mode/2up 17. ^Bryce Ryan, Caste in Modern Ceylon, Rutgers University Press, 1953. 18. ^1855 Ceylon Gazetteer 19. ^Ievers, R. W., Manual of the North-central Province of Ceylon, 1899 20. ^http://www.lakehouse.lk/budusarana/2012/12/20/tmp.asp?ID=fea08 21. ^{{cite journal|last1=Meyer|first1=Eric P.|title=Historical Aspects of Caste in the Kandyan Regions with Particular Reference to the non-Goyigama Castes of the Kagalla District|journal=Sri Lanka Journal of Humanities|date=2014|volume=40|pages=21–54|url=http://sljh.sljol.info/686/volume/40/issue/0/|accessdate=15 June 2017}} 22. ^http://dl.nsf.ac.lk/bitstream/handle/1/14122/ER-36-(1-2)_63.pdf?sequence=2 23. ^https://archive.org/stream/agazetteercentr00lawrgoog#page/n363/mode/2up 24. ^Dumbara Harispattuwa Amarapura Puranaya,H.S.S Nishshanka,Department of Cultural Affairs,2000,pp 63 25. ^http://www.divaina.com/2010/02/10/feature02.html 26. ^http://www.divaina.com/2009/09/09/feature02.html 1 : Sinhalese castes |
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