| 词条 | Boeing 80 | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Boeing 80 was an American airliner of the 1920s. A three-engined biplane, the Model 80 was built by the Boeing Airplane Company for Boeing's own airline, Boeing Air Transport, successfully carrying both airmail and passengers on scheduled services. Development and designBoeing Air Transport was formed on February 17, 1927 by William Boeing to operate the Contract Air Mail (CAM) service between San Francisco and Chicago (CAM.18), taking over the route on July 1, 1927.[2] The route was initially operated by single-engined Boeing 40A biplanes, which could carry four passengers, which provided a useful supplement to the subsidized revenue from carrying airmail. In order to take better advantage of passenger traffic, Boeing decided that it needed a larger aircraft that was more suitable for passenger carrying, and in early 1928 designed a trimotor aircraft capable of carrying 12 passengers, the Model 80.[3] Unlike the Fokker F.VII and Ford Trimotors operated by other airlines, the Model 80 was a biplane, chosen to give good takeoff and landing performance when operating from difficult airfields on its routes, many of which were at relatively high altitude. The fuselage was of fabric covered steel and aluminium tube construction, and carried its 12 passengers in three-abreast seating in a well-appointed cabin.[4][5] The flight crew of two sat in an enclosed flight deck forward of the passenger cabin. The wings were of fabric covered steel and duralumin construction, with detachable wingtips to aid storage in hangars.[4][6] The first Model 80, powered by three Pratt & Whitney Wasp radial engines, flew on July 27, 1928.[4][5] It was followed by three more Model 80s before production switched to the improved Model 80A, which was longer, allowing 18 passengers to be carried, and was powered by more powerful Pratt & Whitney Hornet engines, first flying on July 18, 1929[7] and receiving its airworthiness certificate on August 20, 1929.[8][9] Operational historyThe Model 80 carried out its first scheduled mail and passenger service for Boeing Air Transport on September 20, 1928,[5] and soon proved successful.[4] The improved Model 80A entered service in September 1929.[10] In May 1930, Boeing Air Transport introduced female flight attendants, hiring eight including chief stewardess Ellen Church; all were unmarried registered nurses. Flights carrying stewardesses began on May 15.[11] The Model 80 and 80A remained in service with Boeing Air Transport (later renamed United Airlines) until replaced by the Boeing 247 twin-engined monoplane in 1934.[10] Variants
Operators
Surviving aircraftA single Model 80A-1, modified as a freighter for use in Alaska, was salvaged from a dump at Anchorage Airport in 1960, and following restoration is now on display at the Museum of Flight in Seattle.[10][14] Specifications (Model 80A){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=Boeing Aircraft since 1916 [15] |crew=Three |capacity=18 passengers |payload main=898 lb cargo |payload alt= 408 kg |length main=56 ft 6 in |length alt= 17.22 m |span main=80 ft 0 in |span alt=24.39 m |height main=15 ft 3 in |height alt=4.65 m |area main= 1,220 sq ft |area alt=113.4 m² |airfoil=Boeing N-22 [5] |empty weight main= 10,582 lb |empty weight alt=4,810 kg |loaded weight main= |useful load main= |max takeoff weight main= 17,500 lb |max takeoff weight alt=7,940 kg |engine (prop)= Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet |type of prop= air-cooled radials |number of props=3 |power main= 525 hp |power alt= 392 kW |power original= |max speed main= 138 mph |max speed alt=120 knots, 222 km/h |cruise speed main= 125 mph |cruise speed alt=109 knots, 201 km/h |stall speed main= 55 mph [16] |stall speed alt= 48 knots, 89 km/h |never exceed speed main= |range main= 460 mi |range alt=400 nmi, 741 km |ceiling main= 14,000 ft |ceiling alt=4,270 m |climb rate main= 900 ft/min |climb rate alt=4.6 m/s |loading main= |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= }} See also{{aircontent|related= |similar aircraft=
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|see also= }} References
1. ^Bowers 1989, p. 140. 2. ^Davies Air Enthusiast January/February 2007, pp. 66-67. 3. ^Bowers 1989, p. 136. 4. ^1 2 3 Taylor 1983, p. 72. 5. ^1 2 3 Davies Air Enthusiast January/February 2007, p. 71. 6. ^"Boeing History - Boeing Model 80 Commercial Transport" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060621184203/http://www.boeing.com/history/boeing/m80.html |date=June 21, 2006 }}. Boeing. Retrieved 4 July 2009. 7. ^Davies Air Enthusiast March/April 2007, p. 62. 8. ^Davies Air Enthusiast March/April 2007, p. 63. 9. ^Bowers 1989, p. 571. 10. ^1 2 Taylor 1983, p.73. 11. ^Davies Air Enthusiast March/April 2007, p. 67. 12. ^1 2 3 4 Cohen, Stan. "Chapter 4." Flying Beats Work: The Story of Reeve Aleutian Airways. Missoula, Montana: Pictorial Histories Publishing Company, 1988. {{ISBN|0-933126-98-0}}. 13. ^"Flying the Boeing Model 80." Internet Modeler. Retrieved: September 20, 2010. 14. ^"Boeing 80A-1". The Museum of Flight. Retrieved: July 4, 2009. 15. ^Bowers 1989, pp. 140–141. 16. ^Taylor 1983, p. 70.
External links{{commons category|Boeing 80}}
5 : Boeing aircraft|Trimotors|United States airliners 1920–1929|Biplanes|Aircraft first flown in 1928 |
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