| 词条 | Boeing Model 40 | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Boeing Model 40 was a United States mail plane of the 1920s. It was a single-engined biplane that was widely used for airmail services in the United States in the 1920s and 1930s, especially by airlines that later became part of United Airlines. It became the first aircraft built by the Boeing company to carry passengers. Development and designIn 1925, the US Post Office issued a requirement for a mailplane to replace the ex-military DH-4s then in use. The new aircraft was required to use the same water-cooled Liberty V12 engine as used by the DH-4, of which large stocks of war-built engines were available.[1] The resultant aircraft, the Boeing Model 40, was a conventional tractor biplane, with the required Liberty engine housed in a streamlined cowling with an underslung radiator. The aircraft's fuselage had a steel tube structure, with an aluminum and laminated wood covering. Up to {{convert|1000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} of mail was carried in two compartments in the forward fuselage, while the single pilot sat in an open cockpit in the rear fuselage. The wings and tail were of wooden construction, and the Model 40 had a fixed conventional landing gear.[1][2] The Model 40 made its first flight on July 7, 1925. Although the prototype was purchased by the US Post Office, the production order went to the Douglas M-2.[1][3] The Contract Air Mail Act of 1925 set out the gradual privatization of the Post Office's Air Mail routes. In late 1926, bids were requested for the main transcontinental trunk mail route, which was to be split into eastern and western sections, with Boeing bidding for the western section. Boeing revived the design for the tender, with the Model 40A replacing the Liberty engine with a {{convert|425|hp|kW|abbr=on}} air-cooled Pratt & Whitney Wasp radial engine, which was {{convert|200|lb|kg|abbr=on}} lighter than the Liberty, ignoring the weight of the Liberty's radiator and cooling water. The fuselage was redesigned to make more extensive use of welded steel tubing, and an enclosed cabin was fitted between the mail compartments, allowing two passengers to be carried as well as {{convert|1200|lb|kg|abbr=on}} of mail. Boeing's bid of $3 per lb was much less than any of the competing bids, and Boeing was awarded the San Francisco to Chicago contract in January 1927, building 24 Model 40As for the route (with a further aircraft being used as a testbed by Pratt & Whitney).[3][4][5] The next model to reach production was the Model 40C, with an enlarged cabin allowing four passengers to be carried. Meanwhile, Boeing Air Transport's Model 40As were modified by replacing their Wasp engines with {{convert|525|hp|kW|abbr=on}} Pratt & Whitney Hornet radial engines to become the Model 40B-2.[6] The Model 40B-4 was a new-build aircraft combining the four-passenger cabin of the Model 40C with the Hornet engine of the B-2.[7] Production continued until February 1932.[8] Operational historyBoeing's airline, Boeing Air Transport, commenced operations on the San Francisco–Chicago route on July 1, 1927.[9] Variants
Operators
Surviving aircraftAs of February 17, 2008, Boeing 40C c/n 1043 became the only airworthy example in the world. It also holds the title of the oldest flying Boeing in the world. In 1928, the aircraft was substantially damaged in a crash near Canyonville, OR. After being recovered, it was completely rebuilt over an eight-year period from 2000 to 2008 and an estimated 18,000 man hours by Pemberton and Sons Aviation[14] in Spokane, Washington. On May 8, 2010, this airplane had an aerial rendezvous with Boeing's newest passenger aircraft, the Boeing 787 Dreamliner.[15] In September, 2017, it was sold to the Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum in Hood River, Oregon. It remains airworthy and flys on special occasions. The Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan, contains a 1927 Boeing 40B-2, number 285. The Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago, Illinois has a 1928 Boeing Model 40-B on display in its Transportation Gallery. (N288) The Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington has a complete full-scale replica and two partially finished replica fuselages (showing what the original Boeing factory would have looked like circa 1928-29) on display. Specifications (Model 40A){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=Boeing Aircraft since 1916[16] |crew=one |capacity=two passengers and {{convert|1200|lb|kg|abbr=on}} mail |length main=33 ft 2{{frac|1|4}} in |length alt=10.12 m |span main=44 ft 2{{frac|1|4}} in |span alt=13.47 m |height main=12 ft 3{{frac|1|8}} in |height alt=3.74 m |area main=547 sq ft |area alt=50.82 m² |airfoil= |empty weight main=3,531 lb |empty weight alt=1605 kg |loaded weight main= |loaded weight alt= |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= 6000 lb |max takeoff weight alt=2727 kg |more general= |engine (prop)=Pratt & Whitney Wasp |type of prop= |number of props=1 |power main= 420 hp |power alt=313 kW |power original= |max speed main= 128 mph |max speed alt=111 knots, 206 km/h |cruise speed main= 105 mph |cruise speed alt=91 knots, 169 km/h |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |range main= 650 mi |range alt=565 nmi, 1046 km |ceiling main= 14,500 ft |ceiling alt=4420 m |climb rate main=770 ft/min |climb rate alt=3.9 m/s |loading main= |loading alt= |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance= }} Accidents and incidents
References1. ^1 2 Davies Air Enthusiast January/February 2007, p. 65. 2. ^Bowers 1989, pp. 124–125. 3. ^1 Taylor Air Enthusiast August–November 1983, p. 67. 4. ^Bowers 1989, pp. 116–117. 5. ^Davies Air Enthusiast January/February 2007, pp. 66–67. 6. ^Taylor Air Enthusiast August–November 1983, p. 69. 7. ^Bowers 1989, p. 129. 8. ^Bowers 1989, p. 130. 9. ^Davies Air Enthusiast January/February 2007, pp. 68–69. 10. ^{{cite journal|magazine=Flying Magazine|date=April 1973|title=The Golden Age of Air Transport|page=34|author=Gann}} 11. ^Boeing 40C Flies For the First Time in 80 Years VintageAircraft, 2008 - 02/21 12. ^Lee Bottom Flying Field {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509122628/http://www.leebottom.com/nordo/Archives/Feb%202008.htm |date=May 9, 2008 }} This Just In 13. ^Hagedorn Air Enthusiast July–November 1986, p. 60. 14. ^Pemberton & Sons Aviation {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110074648/http://pembertonandsons.com/ |date=2016-01-10 }} 15. ^Boeing on 787 aerial rendezvous with 1928 Model 40. Seattlepi.com 16. ^Bowers 1989, p. 127. 17. ^Davies Air Enthusiast January/February 2007, p. 69.
Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Boeing 40}}
6 : Biplanes|United States mailplanes 1920–1929|Boeing aircraft|United States airliners 1920–1929|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1925 |
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