| 词条 | Boeing NC-135 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Boeing NC-135 and NKC-135 are special versions of the Boeing C-135 Stratolifter and Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker modified to operate on several different programs. Operational historyReadiness ProgramIn support of the U.S. Test Readiness Program that was initiated in response to the Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT) of 1963, Sandia National Laboratories configured three NC-135 aircraft as flying laboratories to support atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons, should testing resume. These aircraft were based at Kirtland Air Force Base. Work was initiated in 1963 and the aircraft remained in service until 1976, flying principally for Sandia, the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.[1] The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) maintained controlling oversight of the NC-135 flight test aircraft. After 1976, the aircraft flew for Air Force Weapons Laboratory.[2] Airborne astronomy missionsWhile flying simulations for the Test Readiness Program, the science teams assigned to the NC-135 aircraft realized that their flying laboratories could be effectively used to study solar eclipses as well as cosmic rays entering the atmosphere and the effects of magnetic fields in the ionosphere. Program scientists petitioned the AEC to allow for a program-within-a-program to use the aircraft for such scientific research. The petition was approved, and research continued through 1975.[2][4] The first eclipse mission took place from Pago Pago International Airport in 1965. Flying in conjunction with several other science aircraft, one of the NC-135s managed to fly within eclipse totality for 160 seconds, providing valuable science data. Eclipse missions were also flown in 1970, 1972, 1973, 1979 and 1980.[2] Big CrowBig Crow is the designation of the two NKC-135 test-bed aircraft (55-3132 and 63-8050) heavily modified for electronic warfare testing. These planes were also used as a target simulator for flight testing the Boeing YAL-1 Airborne Laser.[5] On March 15, 2007, the YAL-1 successfully fired this laser in flight, hitting its target. The target was the NKC-135E Big Crow 1 test aircraft that had been specially modified with a "signboard" target on its fuselage. The test validated the system's ability to track an airborne target and measure and compensate for atmospheric distortion.[6]Big Crow aircraft are also used as downrange telemetry assets in conjunction with Western Launch and Test Range launches from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.[7]Since 2008, 55-3132 and 63-8050 have been retired, and relegated to the AMARG (Davis-Monthan AFB, Tucson, AZ.[8][9] Other versionsOne aircraft, serial 61-2666, has been modified as an NC-135W to test systems and equipment used on RC-135V and W Rivet Joint reconnaissance aircraft.[10][11] From 1975 to 1984, the US used an NKC-135 for its Airborne Laser Lab program. The modified NKC-135A carried 10.6 micrometer Carbon Dioxide Laser. Tests included successful interceptions of small air-to-air missiles (such as the AIM-9 Sidewinder) and of drone aircraft. Despite the combat potential of the system, it was kept strictly experimental. However, the SCUD threat faced during the Gulf War reignited interest in an airborne laser system, resulting in the Boeing YAL-1.[12][13] Operators
Survivors
Specifications (C-135){{Aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=jet |ref= |crew=3: pilot, copilot, boom operator (4th crew member is a navigator for non-PACER CRAG aircraft) |capacity= |payload main= |payload alt= |length main=136 ft 3 in |length alt=41.53 m |span main=130 ft 10 in |span alt=39.88 m |height main=41 ft 8 in |height alt=12.70 m |area main=2,433 ft² |area alt=226 m² |airfoil= |empty weight main=98,466 lb |empty weight alt=44,663 kg |operating empty main=124,000 lb |operating empty alt=56,200 kg |loaded weight main=297,000 lb |loaded weight alt=135,000 kg |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main=322,500 lb |max takeoff weight alt=146,000 kg |more general= |engine (jet)=(R/T) CFM International CFM-56 turbofan engines, 21,634 lbf (96 kN) each |type of jet= |number of jets=4 |thrust main=21,634 lbf |thrust alt=80 kN |thrust original= |afterburning thrust main= |afterburning thrust alt= |engine (prop)= |type of prop= |number of props= |power main= |power alt= |power original= |max speed main=580 mph |max speed alt=933 km/h |cruise speed main= |cruise speed alt= |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |range main=3,450 mi |range alt=5,550 km |ceiling main=50,000 ft |ceiling alt=15,200 m |climb rate main=4,900 ft/min |climb rate alt=1,490 m/min |loading main= |loading alt= |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance= |armament= |avionics= }} See also{{Aircontent|related=
|similar aircraft=
|lists= |see also=
}} References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sandia.gov/recordsmgmt/exhibits/ReadinessProgram.pdf |title=Readiness Program |accessdate=2007-03-22 |last= |first= |authorlink= |format=PDF |work= |publisher=Sandia National Laboratories |pages= |language= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060212075647/http://www.sandia.gov/recordsmgmt/exhibits/ReadinessProgram.pdf|archivedate=2006-02-12|dead-url=yes |quote= }} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://library.lanl.gov/cgi-bin/getfile?00285812.pdf |title=In Flight: The Story of Los Alamos Eclipse Missions |accessdate=2007-03-22 |last=Mulkin |first=Barb |authorlink= |format=PDF |work=Los Alamos Science |publisher=Los Alamos National Laboriatories |pages= |language= |quote= }} 3. ^In the foreground a KC-135R tops off its fuel tanks. 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sofia.usra.edu/Edu/docs/97-Whiting_AeroHistory.pdf |title=Milestones in Airbornce Astronomy: From the 1920s to the Present |accessdate=2007-03-22 |last=Dolci |first=Wendy |authorlink= |year=1997 |format=PDF |work= |publisher=American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics |pages= |language= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050330100204/http://www.sofia.usra.edu/Edu/docs/97-Whiting_AeroHistory.pdf|archivedate=2005-03-30|dead-url=yes |quote= }} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dtic.mil/descriptivesum/Y2008/MDA/0603883C.pdf |title=RDT&E, DW/04 Advanced Component Development and Prototypes |accessdate=2007-03-22 |last= |first= |authorlink= |date=February 2007 |format=PDF |work=Missile Defense Agency (MDA) Exhibit R-2 RDT&E Budget Item Justification |publisher=Missile Defense Agency}} 6. ^Grill, Eric M., "Airborne Laser fires tracking laser, hits target", Aerotech News and Review, March 23, 2007, vol 22 issue 8 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/delta/d335/080812delay.html |title=Delta 2 rocket launch of GeoEye craft postponed |author=Ray, Justin |publisher=Spaceflight Now |date=2008-08-12}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=HNL RareBirds|url=http://hnlrarebirds.blogspot.com/2011/03/us-air-forces-55-3132.html|website=hnlrarebirds.blogspot.com|accessdate=9 July 2015}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=NKC135B & E 63-8050 / 55-3132 USAF|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/shanair/6197200453|website=www.flickr.com|accessdate=18 July 2015}} 10. ^DoD 4120.15L Model Designations of Military Aerospace Vehicles 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.designation-systems.net/usmilav/412015-L(addendum).html|title=DOD 4120.15-L – Addendum|work=designation-systems.net}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/all.htm|title=Airborne Laser Laboratory|author=John Pike|work=globalsecurity.org}} 13. ^ HIGH ENERGY LASER WEAPONS 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=787|website=www.nationalmuseum.af.mil|accessdate=9 July 2017|title=BOEING NKC-135A STRATOTANKER (AIRBORNE LASER LAB)|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722020529/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=787|archivedate=22 July 2015|df=}} External links{{Commons category|Boeing NKC-135}}{{Boeing support aircraft}}{{707 military variants}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Boeing Nc-135}} 6 : Boeing aircraft|Nuclear warfare|Telemetry|United States experimental aircraft 1960–1969|Quadjets|Low-wing aircraft |
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