| 释义 |
- Bombings
- References
- Bibliography
- Further reading
{{About|the dynamite bombings in the city of Birmingham, Alabama|the 2001 novel|Anthony Grooms}}Bombingham is a nickname for Birmingham, Alabama during the Civil Rights Movement due to the 50 dynamite explosions that occurred in the city between 1947 and 1965.[1] The bombings were initially used against African Americans attempting to move into neighborhoods with entirely white residents. Later, the bombings were used against anyone working towards racial desegregation in the city.[1] One neighborhood within Birmingham experienced so many bombings it developed the nickname of Dynamite Hill.[2]Bombings{{incomplete list|date=March 2019}}- 16th Street Baptist Church bombing on September 15, 1963
- 4 young girls killed:[3]
- Addie May Collins
- Denise McNair
- Carole Robertson
- Cynthia Wesley
References1. ^1 Eskew, p. 53
2. ^{{cite web|last1=Elliott|first1=Debbie|title=Remembering Birmingham's 'Dynamite Hill' Neighborhood|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/07/06/197342590/remembering-birminghams-dynamite-hill-neighborhood|publisher=National Public Radio (NPR)|accessdate=26 March 2016|date=July 6, 2013}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/birmingham-church-bombing|title=Birmingham Church Bombing - Black History - HISTORY.com|website=HISTORY.com|access-date=2017-06-01}}
Bibliography- {{cite book|last1=Eskew|first1=Glenn T.|title=But for Birmingham: The Local and National Movements in the Civil Rights Struggle|date=1997|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|isbn=9780807846674|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n6jqCQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|chapter=Bombingham|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=FFfSnM5sLSwC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA53#v=onepage&q&f=false}}
Further reading- {{cite book|last1=Hewitt|first1=Christopher|title=Political Violence and Terrorism in Modern America: A Chronology|date=2005|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313334184|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MgM1s1Kk0GwC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false}}
{{civil-rights-movement-stub}} 10 : African-American history in Birmingham, Alabama|Attacks on churches|Explosions in the United States|Civil rights movement|History of Alabama|History of Birmingham, Alabama|Improvised explosive device bombings in the United States|Ku Klux Klan crimes in Alabama|Racially motivated violence against African Americans|Terrorist incidents in the United States |