| 词条 | Booker Group |
| 释义 |
| name = Booker Group plc | type = Subsidiary of Tesco | traded_as = | logo = Bookerlogo.png | caption = | foundation = 1835 | defunct = March 2018 | location = Wellingborough, Northamptonshire | key_people = Richard Rose, Chairman Charles Wilson, CEO | revenue = £4,991.5 million (2016)[1] | operating_income = £155.1 million (2016)[1] | net_income = £0.99p(2016)[1] | num_employees = 13,000 (2017)[4] | parent = Tesco plc | industry = Retail catering | products = Cash and carry outlets | homepage = {{url|https://www.booker.co.uk}} }}Booker Group plc was the United Kingdom's largest food wholesale operator, offering branded and private label goods to over 400,000 customers, including independent convenience stores, grocers, pubs, and restaurants.[2] The company also founded, and was previously a sponsor of, the Booker Prize (originally the Booker–McConnell Prize) for literary fiction, which was established in 1968.[3] In January 2017, it was announced that the supermarket retailer Tesco had agreed to merge the company for £3.7 billion. It was confirmed on 5 March 2018 that Tesco had completed its merger of Booker. HistoryOriginsThe company was founded by George and Richard Booker in 1835, when they bought their first ship and established the Booker Line, which focused on shipping goods.[4] It later diversified into the distribution of goods, and gradually disposed of its fleet of ships. With a new focus on wholesale food distribution, the company had over 100 warehouses across the United Kingdom by 1978, and was trading as Booker McConnell Ltd.[5] Among other interests, it operated the sugar industry in Guyana (British Guiana before independence in 1966), running five Booker Line ships, until it was nationalised around 1970. After six months, Booker was called back to market the sugar. Booker had a long history of exploitation of sugar workers through the indentured labour system during the 19th and 20th centuries. At its peak, it controlled 75% of the sugar industry in British Guiana and was so powerful that a common joke was to refer to the country as "Booker's Guiana".[6] In 1952, Jock Campbell took over the chairmanship of the company and his Fabian social politics transformed it dramatically into a benevolent force providing major benefits for sugar workers.[7] Jock Campbell was also instrumental in the setting up of Booker's Author Division, which sponsored the Booker Prize.[8] ExpansionIn 1986, the company set up a short lived co venture between the directors of Siriol Animation to create Kalisto.[9] Kalisto also developed a show called Space Baby (which eventually became Fantastic Max), along with another series called Satellite City (which was co produced with Fairwater Films)[10] and the animated film The Little Engine That Could.[11] Kalisto barely lasted a year before Booker bought the rights back.[12] In November 1996, Booker bought Nurdin & Peacock, taking ownership of the convenience store operator and brand Happy Shopper.[2] Happy Shopper's products are sold by Booker to independent convenience stores and off licences. In 2000, the brand's logo of a smiling face with blonde hair was dropped from products and packaging as part of a redesign by Partners In Communication, a design consultant company.[13] In May 2000, Booker was purchased by Iceland Supermarkets, via its Big Food Group vehicle.[14] Then, in December 2004, Big Food Group was in turn bought by acquisitive Icelandic group, Baugur,[15] which split Booker and Iceland again into different companies.[16] In June 2007, Booker reversed into an AIM listed wholesaler of groceries Blueheath, to form Booker Group plc.[17] Baugur sold all its assets in Booker Cash & Carry in June 2008[18] only weeks after its founder was found guilty of accounting irregularities.[19] Baugur collapsed in February 2009, amidst the Icelandic financial crisis.[20] In September 2009, Booker opened a store in Mumbai and planned to expand its cash and carry stores across India.[21] In May 2012, Metro Group sold the thirty stores of Makro in the United Kingdom and all operational assets to Booker Group Plc, in return for 9.99% of Booker's share capital, plus £15.8 million in cash; although the merger was referred to the Office of Fair Trading it was cleared by the Competition Commission in April 2013.[22] In May 2015, Booker Group confirmed it had reached an agreement with Musgrave Group to buy the Budgens and Londis grocery chains, for £40 million.[23] In January 2017, Tesco announced that it had reached an agreement to merge with Booker Group for £3.7 billion, subject to shareholder and regulatory approval.[24] It was confirmed on the 5 March 2018 that Tesco had completed its merger with Booker.[25] OperationsThe company supplies approximately 1.5 million businesses across the United Kingdom, through its different divisions. It operates cash and carry branches throughout the United Kingdom (as well as a few in India) and operates a national delivery service in the United Kingdom.[26] The industry journal The Grocer named Booker the "Green Wholesaler of the Year" at the Grocer Gold Awards.[27] The group consists of several divisions each specialising in different areas of the wholesale market in the United Kingdom.
Booker author's division{{main|:Category:Booker authors' division|Man Booker Prize}}During Jock Campbell's chairmanship of the company, then known as Booker-McConnell, he was also instrumental in the setting up of the Booker's author division. Campbell purchased 51 per cent of Glidrose Ltd, which owned the copyrights of his friend Ian Fleming for £100,000.[7] This purchase was the foundation of the Authors' Division[33] which also acquired rights to some well known authors' works, such as Dennis Wheatley[33] and the 64% stake in Agatha Christie's works not controlled by her family.[43] In June 1998, Agatha Christie's stakeholding was sold to Chorion for £10million,[34] who themselves sold it on in 2012 to Acorn Media UK.[35] The division also co founded and sponsored the prestigious Booker-McConnell Prize for literature in 1968, now known as Man Booker Prize, the Booker Prize, or simply, "the Booker". This was transferred to the independent Booker Prize Foundation in 2002, and became sponsored by the Man Group plc, who opted to retain the well known "Booker" name.[8] Chairmen of the Author's division have included Charles William Tyrell (1960s–1970s), Dennis H. Joss (1970s–1980s) and Agatha Christie's grandson {{Proper name|Mathew}} Caradoc Thomas Prichard (1990s–2000s).[36] In popular cultureBooker's Happy Shopper brand is parodied in the game San Andreas, but renamed The Hippy Shopper. The store in the game bears a very close resemblance to the real life stores.[37] See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.bookergroup.com/~/media/Files/B/Booker-Group/pdf/report-and-accounts-2016.pdf?|title=Final Results 2016|publisher=Booker Group|accessdate=16 April 2016}} 2. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/booker-cash-carry-ltd-history/ | title=Booker Cash & Carry Ltd. History | publisher=Funding Universe | work=International Directory of Company Histories, Vol.68. St. James Press, 2005. | accessdate=13 December 2015}} 3. ^{{citeweb|url=http://markets.ft.com/research/Markets/Tearsheets/Business-profile?s=BOK:LSE|title=Broker Group PLC|publisher=ft.com|accessdate=6 July 2015}} 4. ^Booker Line 1835 – 1978, Page 2 5. ^Booker Line 1835 – 1978, Page16 6. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.guyana.org/features/guyanastory/chapter112.html | title=The Bookers Empire | publisher=guyana.org | accessdate=13 December 2015}} 7. ^1 {{cite web | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituaries-lord-campbell-of-eskan-1566530.html | title=OBITUARIES: Lord Campbell of Eskan | publisher=The Independent | accessdate=13 December 2015}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.themanbookerprize.com/ |title=The Man Booker Prizes |publisher=Themanbookerprize.com |date= |accessdate=3 July 2015}} 9. ^{{cite web | url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/01938752 | title=Booker Animation Limited | publisher=Companies House | accessdate=13 December 2015}} 10. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.planete-jeunesse.com/fiche-1484-satellite-city.html | title=Satellite City | publisher=Planète Jeunesse | accessdate=13 December 2015}} 11. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/29517/The-Little-Engine-That-Could/details | title=The Little Engine That Could (1991) | publisher=The New York Times | accessdate=13 December 2015}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/company/co0103987/|title=Booker PLC|publisher=IMBd|accessdate=8 April 2012}} 13. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.picom.co.uk/packaging_1.html|title=Happy Shopper Brand Redesign|publisher=Partners In Communication|date=12 May 2009|accessdate=12 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114172207/http://www.picom.co.uk/packaging_1.html#|archive-date=14 January 2010|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 14. ^{{cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4109907.stm | title=Iceland in £373m Booker takeover | publisher=BBC | accessdate=13 December 2015}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4109907.stm |title=Baugur buys UK's Big Food Group |publisher=BBC News |date=19 December 2004 |accessdate=3 July 2015}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.foodanddrinkeurope.com/news/ng.asp?id=56926-bfg-agrees-to|title=BFG agrees to Baugur bid|publisher=Food & Drink|date=20 December 2004|accessdate=6 April 2008}} 17. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?xml=/money/2007/05/12/cnbaug12.xml|title=Baugur profits plunge by more than two-thirds Box Head arrow to line with head|publisher=Daily Telegraph|date=12 May 2007|accessdate=6 April 2008 | location=London | first1=Richard | last1=Fletcher}} 18. ^{{Citation| title = Baugur sells Booker stake as part of focus on retail| publisher = Retail Week| date = 24 June 2008| url = http://www.retail-week.com/Food/2008/06/baugur_sells_booker_stake_as_part_of_focus_on_retail.html|accessdate = 27 December 2008 }} 19. ^{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKL0613066120080606|title=Baugur boss loses court appeal|date=6 June 2008|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=20 November 2010}} 20. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7869342.stm |title=Hamleys investor seeks protection |publisher=BBC News |date=4 February 2009 |accessdate=4 February 2009}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/uks-cashcarry-plans-20-india-stores-in-5-yrs/467010/ |title=UK's cash & carry plans 20 India stores in 5 years|publisher=Business Standard|date=7 March 2012|accessdate=8 April 2012}} 22. ^A report on the completed acquisition by Booker Group PLC of Makro Holding Limited {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316023059/http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/assets/competitioncommission/docs/2012/booker-makro/final_report.pdf |date=16 March 2014 }} 23. ^{{cite news|title=Booker Group to buy Budgens and Londis|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-32823462|accessdate=21 May 2015|publisher=BBC News|date=21 May 2015}} 24. ^{{citeweb|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-38767862|title=Tesco to buy Budgens and Londis brand owner Booker|publisher=bbc.co.uk|accessdate=27 January 2017}} 25. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.cityam.com/281666/done-deal-tesco-completes-gbp37bn-acquisition-booker-group|title=Done deal: Tesco completes £3.7bn merger with Booker Group|last=Cahill|first=Helen|date=5 March 2018|access-date=5 March 2018|language=en}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bookergroup.com/en/about-booker/what-we-do.aspx|title=What We Do|publisher=Booker Group|accessdate=24 March 2015}} 27. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web | url=http://www.bookergroup.com/about-booker/business-overview.aspx | title=Business Overview | publisher=Booker | accessdate=13 December 2015}} 28. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.chefdirect.co.uk/ | title=Introduction to Chef Direct... | publisher=Chef Direct | accessdate=13 December 2015}} 29. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/9890ede2-d7b1-11df-b478-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3uDCEBm61 | title=Booker acquires Ritter for £14.5m | publisher=The Financial Times Ltd | accessdate=13 December 2015}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.premier-stores.co.uk/join-us/the-package.html|title=Premier Stores package|accessdate=6 May 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407115647/http://www.premier-stores.co.uk/join-us/the-package.html|archivedate=7 April 2015|df=dmy-all}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://bookerindia.net/aboutus.aspx|title=About Booker India|accessdate = 6 May 2015}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bookergroup.com/~/media/Files/B/Booker-Group/pdf/investor-centre/reposts-presentations/rp2015/booker-londis-budgens-presentation-joining-forces.pdf|title=Joining forces to help independent retailers|date=21 May 2015|publisher=Bookers|accessdate=17 April 2017}} 33. ^1 {{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uariyzldrJwC&pg=PA371&lpg=PA371&dq=booker+dennis+wheatley&source=bl&ots=W5cPdhY3z7&sig=m83Sjon0ngxySgVwYPsTYyGYZPU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiz4KzOjtnJAhWNpYMKHc2KAEwQ6AEIJjAD#v=onepage&q=booker%20dennis%20wheatley&f=false | title=Ian Fleming's James Bond: Annotations and Chronologies for Ian Fleming's | publisher=Authorhouse/Google Books | accessdate=13 December 2015 | author=Griswold, John | pages=371}} 34. ^1 {{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/105749.stm | work=BBC News | title=Chorion grabs the Booker prize | date=3 June 1998}} 35. ^{{cite web | url=http://deadline.com/2012/02/agatha-christie-estate-acquired-by-u-s-based-acorn-media-237820/ | title=Agatha Christie Estate Acquired By U.S.-Based Acorn Media | publisher=Penske Business Media, LLC. | accessdate=13 December 2015}} 36. ^{{cite book|title=Jane's Major Companies of Europe|publisher=Jane's Information Group}} 37. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/30/technology/grand-theft-auto-franchise-playfully-flings-mud-at-its-birthplace-scotland.html?_r=0 | title=Grand Theft Auto Franchise Playfully Flicks Mud at Its Birthplace: Scotland | publisher=The New York Times | accessdate=13 December 2015}} External links
12 : Tesco|Wholesalers of the United Kingdom|Retail companies of the United Kingdom|Companies based in Northamptonshire|Companies established in 1835|West Indies merchants|Food and drink companies of the United Kingdom|Supermarkets of the United Kingdom|Economy of Guyana|History of sugar|Booker authors' division|Companies formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange |
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