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词条 Boulton Paul Balliol
释义

  1. Design and development

  2. Operational history

  3. Variants

  4. Operators

  5. Survivors

     Sri Lanka  United Kingdom 

  6. Specifications (T.Mk.2)

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}{{Use British English|date=December 2016}}
name=Balliolimage=File:Boulton Paul Balliol T.2 WN507 CV RAFC Hooton Park 24.07.55 edited-2.jpgcaption=Balliol T.2 in 1955

}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type

type=Two-seat Trainermanufacturer=Boulton Paul Aircraftdesigner= John Dudley North1947}}introduced=1950retired=status=Retiredprimary user=Royal Air Forcemore users=Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm
Royal Ceylon Air Force		produced=number built=229unit cost=variants with their own articles=
}}

The Boulton Paul Balliol and Sea Balliol are monoplane military advanced trainer aircraft built for the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm (FAA) by Boulton Paul Aircraft. Developed in the late 1940s, the Balliol was designed to replace the North American Harvard trainer. It used the Rolls-Royce Merlin engine. The Sea Balliol was a naval version for deck landing training.

Design and development

The Balliol was developed to meet Air Ministry Specification T.7/45 for a three-seat advanced trainer powered by a turboprop engine, competing against the Avro Athena. It was a conventional low-wing monoplane with a retractable main undercarriage and a fixed tailwheel. Pilot and instructor sat side by side ahead of the observer. The first prototype first flew on 30 May 1947, being temporarily powered by an 820 hp (611 kW) Bristol Mercury 30 radial engine. The second prototype, powered by the intended Armstrong Siddeley Mamba turboprop, first flew on 17 May 1948, the world's first single-engined turboprop aircraft to fly.[1] The Air Ministry had second thoughts about its training requirements, and issued a new specification, T.14/47, requiring a two-seat trainer, powered by a Rolls-Royce Merlin piston engine.

The Merlin powered Balliol, designated Balliol T.2, first flew on 10 July 1948,[1] and after extensive evaluation, it was chosen over the Athena, with large orders being placed to replace some of the Harvards in RAF service.[2] The observer's seat of the Mk 1 was removed, the side-by-side seats remaining.

The Sea Balliol T.21 had folding wings and arrestor hook for deck landings.[4]

By 1951, however, the Air Ministry changed its mind about its training requirements yet again and decided to introduce a jet-powered advanced trainer, the de Havilland Vampire T.Mk11.

The RAF naming conventions for various types preferred that pure trainers, not conversion type trainers, should have names related to education or places of learning eg Airspeed Oxford, Avro Tutor and Athena, the Percival Prentice and Provost and De Havilland Dominie. Balliol is an Oxford University College and it alliterated with 'Boulton Paul'

Operational history

Pre-production Balliols were delivered to the RAF's Central Flying School in 1950, but with the change in air-training policy, the Balliol was only delivered to one Flying Training School, – No. 7 at RAF Cottesmore, replacing their Harvards. The Balliol later served at the RAF College, Cranwell until replaced there by the de Havilland Vampire T.Mk 11 in 1956.[2] The Balliol also saw limited squadron service from 1953 with No. 288 Squadron RAF based at RAF Middle Wallop. Operations continued until the squadron was disbanded in September 1957.[3]

The Sea Balliols served with 781 squadron at Lee-on-Solent and 1843 Squadron RNVR at Abbotsinch. The last one was delivered in December 1954.[4] Some remained active at Abbotsinch until September 1963.[5]

Two Balliols were used for the testing of radar absorbing coatings.[6]

The only Balliols exported were 12 Mk.2s to the Royal Ceylon Air Force, 7 from RAF cancelled contracts and five from RAF stocks, which were replaced by a further five production aircraft.[5]

Variants

P.108 Balliol T.Mk 1

Prototypes, 3 built, powered by the Armstrong Siddeley Mamba turboprop engine

Balliol T.Mk 2

Two-seat advanced training aircraft for the RAF; 196 built, (166 built by Boulton Paul, and 30 built by Blackburn Aircraft).

Sea Balliol T.Mk 21

Two-seat advanced training aircraft for FAA. A total of 30 built by Boulton Paul.

Operators

{{flag|Ceylon|1951}}
  • Royal Ceylon Air Force
{{UK}}
  • Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment
  • Empire Test Pilot's School
  • Royal Air Force
    • No. 288 Squadron RAF at Middle Wallop
    • No. 238 Operational Conversion Unit at RAF Colerne
    • No. 7 Flying Training School at RAF Cottesmore
    • No. 3 Civilian Anti-aircraft Cooperation Unit at Exeter Airport
    • Central Flying School
    • RAF College Cranwell
  • Royal Navy, Fleet Air Arm
    • 702 Naval Air Squadron
    • 750 Naval Air Squadron
    • 781 Naval Air Squadron
    • 1843 Naval Air Squadron (Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve)

Survivors

Sri Lanka

On display
  • Balliol T2 CA310 on display on the parade ground at SLAF Ground Combat Training Unit at Diyatalawa.[11]
Stored or under restoration
  • Balliol T2 CA303 stored by the Sri Lankan Air Force Museum, Ratmalana Air Base.[11]

United Kingdom

On display
  • Sea Balliol T21 WL732 former Royal Navy and A&AEE aircraft on display in Hangar 1 as part of the transport and training collection at the Royal Air Force Museum Cosford.[7][8]
Stored or under restoration
  • Balliol T2 WN149 under restoration to display standard by the Boulton Paul Association at Wolverhampton, West Midlands.[7][9]

Specifications (T.Mk.2)

{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Aircraft of the Royal Air Force[1]
|prime units?=imp


|genhide=
|crew=2
|length ft=35
|length in=1+1/2
|span ft=39
|span in=4
|height ft=12
|height in=6
|wing area sqft=250
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=
|airfoil=NACA 65[10]
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=6730
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=8410
|gross weight note=
|fuel capacity={{convert|125|impgal|USgal L|abbr=on}}[10]
|more general=


|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=Rolls-Royce Merlin 35
|eng1 type=liquid-cooled V12 engine
|eng1 hp=1245
|more power=
|prop blade number=4
|prop name=de Havilland constant speed propeller
|prop dia m=
|prop dia ft=11
|prop dia in=3
|prop note=[10]


|perfhide=
|max speed kmh=
|max speed mph=288
|max speed kts=
|max speed note=at {{convert|9000|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|cruise speed mph=231
|cruise speed note=at {{convert|5500|ft|m|abbr=on}} (weak mix)[10]
|stall speed mph=83
|stall speed note=[10]
|endurance=3 hr at {{convert|220|mph|kn km/h|abbr=on}}
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=32500
|g limits=
|roll rate=
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=1790
|time to altitude=6 min to {{convert|10000|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|more performance=*Takeoff distance to 50 ft (15 m): {{convert|1350|ft|m|abbr=on}}[10]

  • Landing distance from 50 ft (15 m): {{convert|1950|ft|m|abbr=on}}[10]


|guns= 1 × 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Browning machine gun in port wing
|rockets= Provision for 4 × "60-lb" rockets
|missiles=
|avionics=
}}

See also

{{aircontent
|related=
|similar aircraft=
  • Avro Athena

|lists=
  • List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force

}}

References

Notes
1. ^1 2 Thetford 1957, pp. 94–95.
2. ^1 Donald 1997, p. 180.
3. ^Jefford 2001, p. 85.
4. ^1 Thetford 1994
5. ^1 "Boulton Paul Balliol T. 21." {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090810074709/http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/cosford/collections/aircraft/boulton-paul-sea-balliol-t-21.cfm |date=10 August 2009 }} RAF Museum. Retrieved: 10 August 2009.
6. ^Brew, Boulton Paul Aircraft
7. ^1 2 3 "Individual History – Boulton Paul P.108 Sea Balliol T Mk 21 WL732." {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605070603/http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/cosford/collections/aircraft/aircraft_histories/69-A-626%20Sea%20Balliol%20WL732.pdf |date=5 June 2011 }} Royal Air Force Museum, 2007. Retrieved: 10 October 2009.
8. ^Ellis 2008, p. 176.
9. ^Ellis 2008, p. 155.
10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Bridgman 1953, pp. 52–53.
Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
  • Bridgman, Leonard. Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1953–54. London: Jane's All The World's Aircraft Publishing Co. Ltd., 1953.
  • Donald, David, ed. The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1997. {{ISBN|1-85605-375-X}}.
  • Ellis, Ken. Wrecks & Relics, 21st edition. Manchester, UK: Crécy Publishing, 2008. {{ISBN|978-0-85979-134-2}}.
  • Jefford, Wing Commander C.G., MBE, BA, RAF (Retd). RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 2001. {{ISBN|1-84037-141-2}}.
  • Thetford, Owen. Aircraft of the Royal Air Force 1918–57. London: Putnam, First Edition 1957.
  • Thetford, Owen. British Naval Aircraft since 1912, Fourth Edition. London: Putnam, 1994. {{ISBN|0-85177-861-5}}.
{{refend}}

External links

{{Commons category|Boulton Paul Balliol}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930182647/http://www.britishaircraft.co.uk/aircraftpage.php?ID=342 Balliol at British Aircraft Directory]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20061229221246/http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/boulton-paul-sea-balliol-t-21.htm Sea Balliol entry at RAF Museum]
  • P.108 In The Air – a 1948 Flight article on flying the Balliol Mercury-engined prototype
{{Boulton Paul aircraft}}

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