“Brahminy river turtle”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The brahminy river turtle or crowned river turtle (Hardella thurjii ) is a species of turtle in the family Geoemydidae. The species is endemic to South Asia.

Taxonomy

The genus Hardella, to which the species Hardella thurjii belongs, is a monotypic genus.

Geographic range

Hardella thurjii is found in northern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh in the watersheds of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Indus rivers.

Description

Hardella thurjii has a shell with a large, moderately flat, dark brown or black carapace (dorsal surface) and a yellow or black plastron (ventral surface).^[2] The shell is up to {{convert|18|in}} in length in females, and is shorter in males.^[3] The lower jaw is heavily dented.

Sexual dimorphism

Reproduction

The reproductive habits of H. thurjii are unique among reptiles in that the females lay their eggs under water rather than on dry land. Their reproductive cycle follows seasonal changes in the water levels of the rivers in which they live. In autumn, females lay their eggs under water, where higher water levels submerge the eggs for 40 to 45 days. In the winter, lower water levels expose the eggs for five months. The rising water levels of spring submerge the almost mature eggs once again, and the turtles hatch in the river.

Indian zoologist Dhruvajyoti Basu first documented the unique reproductive habits of the brahminy river turtle in 2011. The Prague Zoo incubated the first brahminy river turtle which was born in captivity in 2012.^[5]

References

1. ^{{Cite journal |journal=Vertebrate Zoology |title=Checklist of Chelonians of the World |year=2007 |author=Fritz, Uwe |author2=Havaš, Peter |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=223–224 |issn=1864-5755 |url=http://www.cnah.org/pdf_files/851.pdf |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5v20ztMND?url=http://www.cnah.org/pdf_files/851.pdf |archivedate=2010-12-17 |accessdate=29 May 2012 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
2. ^Boulenger GA (1889). Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). New Edition. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). x + 311 pp. + Plates I-VI. ASIN: B004QM945U, University of Toronto Libraries, 2001. (Hardella thurgi, pp. 63-66, Figures 18-19).
3. ^Boulenger GA (1890). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xviii + 541 pp. (Hardella thurgi, pp. 36-37).
4. ^Das 2002.
5. ^{{cite journal|title= Screen Director: The largest turtle thriller.|journal= Journal of Natural Products|volume= 53|pages= 200–203|doi= 10.1021/np50067a032|year = 1990|last1 = Muñoz|first1 = Orlando M.|last2= Castillo|first2= M.|last3= Feliciano|first3= A. San}}

External links

{{Cite journal | author = Asian Turtle Trade Working Group | title = Hardella thurjii | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2000 | page = e.T9696A97362495 | date = 2000 | url = http://oldredlist.iucnredlist.org/details/9696/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2000.RLTS.T9696A13009662.en | access-date = 9 January 2018}} Listed as Vulnerable (VU A1cd+2 cd v2.3).