“Breguet Bre.4”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Breguet Bre.4

释义

Design and development
Operational history
French service Royal Naval Air Service
Variants
Operators
Specifications (BUC)
References

This article is about an aircraft of World War I. For the pre-war design of the same designation, see Breguet Type IV.

name=Bre.4

image=Breguet de Chasse.jpg

caption=A Breguet BUC/BLC de Chasse operating with No. 5 Wing, Royal Naval Air Service, in Belgium sometime between April and June 1916

}}{{Infobox aircraft type

type=Bomber

manufacturer=Breguet, Michelin

designer=Louis Charles Breguet

first flight= 1914

introduced= 1914

retired=

status=

primary user= French Army

more users= Royal Naval Air Service

produced=

number built=ca. 100

variants with their own articles=
}}

The Breguet Bre.4, also known variously as the Type IV and BUM, was a French biplane bomber of World War I. A fighter version of it was also produced as the BUC and BLC; some of these saw service with the British Royal Navy, which called them 'the Breguet 'de Chasse.

Design and development

The Bre.4 was developed during 1914 when French military planners began to express a preference for pusher- over tractor-configured aircraft, leading Breguet Aviation to cease further development of its original Type IV design and pursue military contracts with an aircraft of the preferred layout. The Type IV was a two-bay, equal-span, unstaggered biplane that seated the pilot and observer in tandem open cockpits in a nacelle that also carried the pusher engine at its rear, and the tricycle undercarriage.^[1]

As the prototype neared completion, the Breguet factory at Douai was threatened by the advancing German Army, and the machine and its builders were evacuated to Villacoublay where construction and testing were completed. At this point, André and Édouard Michelin approached the French government with an offer to sponsor the construction of 100 bombers for the French Army, and were awarded a licence for the Breguet design. This was put into production as the BUM (B for pusher-driven, U for Canton-Unné-powered, M for Michelin). A later revised version, the BLM, was the definitive Renault-powered version.^[2]

Soon after the BUM entered service, the French Army requested that an escort fighter version be developed to protect the bombers from interception. Breguet responded with a lightened design armed with a 37 mm (1.46 in) Hotchkiss cannon, intended to pick off enemy fighters before they closed to within range of their machine guns. This entered production as the BUC (C for chasse, or pursuit) in its original Canton-Unné powered version and BLC in its Renault version.

Operational history

French service

Few of the BUC and BLC escort fighters were built, as their performance and utility were discovered to be lacking, and the doctrine of the cannon-armed escort fighter was soon abandoned in favour of countering fighters with other similar fighters.^[1]

{{Expand section|French operational history for the bomber version|date=September 2011}}

Royal Naval Air Service

Breguet built 17 BUC/BLCs for the British Royal Navy{{'}}s Royal Naval Air Service using British 225-hp (168-kW) Sunbeam Mohawk engines. The Royal Navy called them the Breguet de Chasse. They served alongside Caudron G.4s with No. 5 Wing RNAS – the Royal Navy{{'}}s first air unit specifically trained for long-range bombing – in Belgium from April to June 1916.^[3]

Variants

Type IV (BU3)

Breguet prototype.

BUM (BrM2B.2)

Michelin-built, Canton-Unné-powered bomber version.

BLM (BrM4B.2)

Michelin-built, Renault-powered bomber version.

BUC

Michelin-built, Canton-Unné-powered escort fighter version.

BLC

Michelin-built, Renault-powered escort fighter version.

;Breguet de Chasse

Version of BLC for RNAS, powered by Sunbeam Mohawk or Rolls-Royce Falcon engine.

Operators

{{FRA}}

French Air Force

{{ROM}}

Royal Romanian Air Force

{{UK}}

Royal Naval Air Service
- No. 5 Wing RNAS

Specifications (BUC)

{{aerospecs
|ref=^[4]
|met or eng?=met
|crew=two, pilot and gunner
|capacity=
|length m=9.50
|length ft=31
|length in=2
|span m=16.40
|span ft=53
|span in=10
|width m=
|width ft=
|width in=
|height m=3.70
|height ft=12
|height in=2
|wing area sqm=54.0
|wing area sqft=581
|empty weight kg=1,160
|empty weight lb=2,557
|gross weight kg=1,535
|gross weight lb=3,384
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 type=Salmson 2M7 water cooled radial engine
|eng1 kw=149
|eng1 hp=200
|eng2 number=
|eng2 type=
|eng2 kw=
|eng2 hp=
|max speed kmh=138
|max speed mph=86
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed mph=
|range km=399
|range miles=248
|endurance h=3
|endurance min=
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=
|armament1=1 × trainable 37 mm (1.46 in) Hotchkiss cannon in front cockpit
|armament2=300 kg (660 lb) of bombs
|armament3=
|armament4=
|armament5=
|armament6=
}}

References

Notes

1. ^¹Taylor 1989, p. 202.
2. ^Taylor and Alexander 1969, p. 73.
3. ^Thetford 1991, pp. 77, 408.
4. ^{{cite web|last=parmentier|first=Bruno|title=Breguet BUC|url=http://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=4872&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=249&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF=|accessdate=23 October 2013}}

Bibliography

Taylor, John W. R. and Jean Alexander. Combat Aircraft of the World. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. {{ISBN|0-71810-564-8}}.
Taylor, Michael J. H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions, 1989. {{ISBN|0-517-69186-8}}.
Thetford, Owen. British Naval Aircraft Since 1912, Sixth Edition. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1991. {{ISBN|1-55750-076-2}}.
World Aircraft Information Files. London: Bright Star Publishing, File 890. Sheets 78–79.

4 : French bomber aircraft 1910–1919|Breguet aircraft|Single-engined pusher aircraft|Biplanes

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