| 词条 | Bremer wall |
| 释义 |
A Bremer wall, or T-wall, is a twelve-foot-high (3.7 m) portable, steel-reinforced concrete blast wall of the type used for blast protection throughout Iraq and Afghanistan. The name is believed to have originated from L. Paul Bremer of the Coalition Provisional Authority, who was the Director of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance for post-war Iraq, following the Iraq War of 2003, in the early years of the Iraq War.[1] The Bremer barrier resembles the smaller {{convert|3|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} Jersey barrier, which has been used widely for vehicle traffic control on coalition military bases in Iraq and Afghanistan. To indicate that the Bremer barrier is similar but larger, the {{convert|12|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}}, intermediate-sized Bremer barriers are usually referred to as Texas barriers, but not to be confused with the 3.5-foot (1.1 m) Texas constant-slope barrier. Similarly, the largest barriers, which stand around {{convert|20|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}}, are called Alaska barriers. Unlike the Jersey barrier, which has sloped sides at the base, some Texas and Alaska barriers have a rectangular ledge base, usable as a bench for sitting or resting and approximately knee-high for a typical adult. Alaska barriers are typically used as perimeter fortifications of well-established bases in Iraq and Afghanistan.[2] These T-shaped walls were originally developed by the Israelis in the Israeli West Bank barrier. The term "T-wall" has been used commonly by soldiers throughout Iraq and Afghanistan, due to the wall's cross-sectional shape resembling an inverted letter "T". Other usesIn 2011 a series of 23 Bremer walls (also known as Alaska Barriers) were used to form a memorial wall for fallen U.S. soldiers. It was painted by U.S. Army/Air Force troops deployed to Kirkuk Iraq. The concrete is painted black with 4336 names in yellow.[3] The wall's design is based on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. References1. ^{{citation |url= http://www.lebanonwire.com/0401/04012702DS.asp |date= January 27, 2004 |newspaper= The Daily Star |title= Iraqi firms suspicious, confused by new economy: Securing US contracts proves difficult |author= Andrew Butters }} *{{cite book | title=The art of war : Operation Iraqi Freedom | publisher=Cage Juka Pub | author=Ames, Thomas and Russell Marsh | year=2011 | location=Ashburn, VA | isbn=978-1-4611-3604-0}}2. ^{{citation |url= http://www.stripes.com/article.asp?section=104&article=52775&archive=true |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090211091226/http://www.stripes.com/article.asp?section=104&article=52775&archive=true |archivedate= 2009-02-11 |title= Soldiers building wall separating Sunnis, Shiites: Three-mile structure in Baghdad is a disputed part of security plan |author= Joseph Giordono, and Monte Morin |newspaper= Stars and Stripes Mideast edition |date= April 19, 2007 }} 3. ^{{cite news| url= http://www.cnn.com/video/?hpt=hp_c1#/video/world/2011/12/06/world-iraq-camp-warrior.cnn | work=CNN | title=CNN.com Video}}
External links{{commons cat|Bremer walls}}
2 : Fortifications by type|Types of wall |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。