| 词条 | Bremetennacum |
| 释义 |
|image=Roman Relics Ribchester 01.JPG |caption=Roman ruins in Ribchester |name=Bremetennacum |location_town=Ribchester, Lancashire |location_country=England |map_type=United Kingdom Borough of Ribble Valley |coordinates = {{coord|53.81035|-2.530828|display=inline,title}} |architect= |client= |engineer= |construction_start_date= |completion_date=72/3 |date_demolished= |cost= |structural_system= |style=Roman fort |size= |embedded = | embed = yes | designation1 = Scheduled Ancient Monument | designation1_offname = Ribchester Roman fort (Bremetennacum) | designation1_date = | designation1_number = {{NHLE|num=1005110|short=yes}} }}Bremetennacum, or Bremetennacum Veteranorum,[1] was a Roman fort on the site of the present day village of Ribchester in Lancashire, England ({{gbmapping|SD650350}}). (Mis-spellings in ancient geographical texts include Bremetonnacum, Bremetenracum or Bresnetenacum). The site is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.[2] The site guarded a crossing-point of the River Ribble. The first known Roman activity was the building of a timber fort, believed to have been constructed during the campaigns of Petillius Cerialis around AD 72/3. This was replaced by a stone fort in the 2nd century.[3] For most of its existence the fort was garrisoned by Sarmatian auxiliaries, first stationed in Britain by Marcus Aurelius in 175. Prior to that it is suggested that the fort was garrisoned by the Ala II Asturum from Spain, but there is some uncertainty about this. Pottery evidence indicates that the fort was occupied for most of the 4th century until the end of the Roman period. HistoryThe first fort was built in timber in AD 72/73 by the 20th legion. The fort was renovated in the late 1st century AD and was rebuilt in stone in the early 2nd century. During the life of the fort, a village grew up around it. A fort remained at Ribchester until the 4th century AD and its remains can still be seen around the present village. A report on Roman remains at Ribchester was published by Francis Haverfield in Roman Britain in 1914 [5] "In the spring of 1913 a small school-building was pulled down at Ribchester, and the Manchester Classical Association was able to resume its examination of the Principia (praetorium) of the Roman fort, above a part of which this building had stood. The work was carried out by Prof. W. B. Anderson, of Manchester University, and Mr. D. Atkinson, Research Fellow of Reading College, and, though limited in extent, was very successful. "The first discovery of the Principia is due to Miss Greenall, who about 1905 was building a house close to the school and took care that certain remains found by her builders should be duly noted: excavations in 1906-07, however, left the size and extent of these remains somewhat uncertain and resulted in what we now know to be an incorrect plan. The work done last spring (1913) makes it plain (see illustration) that the Principia fronted — in normal fashion — the main street of the fort (gravel laid on cobbles) running from the north to the south gate. But, abnormally, the frontage was formed by a verandah or colonnade: the only parallel which I can quote is from Caersws, where excavations in 1909 revealed a similar verandah in front of the Principia. Next to the verandah stood the usual Outer Court with a colonnade round it and two wells in it (one is the usual provision): the colonnade seemed to have been twice rebuilt. Beyond that are fainter traces of the Inner Court which, however, lies mostly underneath a churchyard: the only fairly clear feature is a room (A on plan) which seems to have stood on the right side of the Inner Court, as at Chesters and Ambleside. Behind this, probably, stood the usual five office rooms. If we carry the Principia about twenty feet further back, which would be a full allowance for these rooms with their walling, the end of the whole structure will line with the ends of the granaries found some years ago. This, or something very like it, is what we should naturally expect. We then obtain a structure measuring 81 × {{convert|112|ft|m}}, the latter dimension including a verandah {{convert|8|ft|m}} wide. This again seems a reasonable result. Ribchester was a large fort, about {{convert|6|acre|m2}}, garrisoned by cavalry; in a similar fort at Chesters, on Hadrian's Wall, the Principia measured 85 × {{convert|125|ft|m}}: in the 'North Camp' at Camelon, another fort of much the same size (nearly 6 acres), they measured 92 × {{convert|120|ft|m}}." The most famous artifact discovered in Ribchester, and dating from the Roman period, is the elaborate cavalry helmet. The helmet was discovered, part of the Ribchester Hoard, in the summer of 1796 by the son of Joseph Walton, a clogmaker. The boy found the items buried in a hollow, about 10 feet below the surface, on some waste land by the side of a road leading to Ribchester Church, and near a river bed.[6] In addition to the helmet, the hoard included a number of patera, pieces of a vase, a bust of Minerva, fragments of two basins, several plates and some other items that Townley thought had religious uses. The finds were thought to have survived so well because they were covered in sand.[6] See also
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{cite web |url=http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/79352 |title=Places: 79352 (Bremetennacum Veteranorum) |author1=Esmonde Cleary, A. |author2=R. Talbert |author3=S. Vanderbilt |author4=R. Warner |author5=S. Gillies |author6=T. Elliott |date=19 March 2017 |accessdate=28 February 2013 |publisher=Pleiades}} 2. ^{{PastScape|mname=Bremetennacum Veteranorum |mnumber=43639 |accessdate=11 March 2008}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Shotter|first=D.|title=Romans and Britons in north-west England|year=2004|publisher=University of Lancaster|location=Lancaster}} 4. ^{{PastScape |mname=Templeborough Roman Fort |mnumber=316617 |accessdate=26 February 2016}} 5. ^Haverfield, 1915 6. ^1 {{Cite book| last1=Baines | first1=Edward | last2=Whatton | first2=W. R. | title=History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster | publisher=Fisher, Son and Co | year=1836 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xt4HAAAAQAAJ | page=20 }} Other sources{{refbegin}}
External links{{Commons category|Bremetennacum (Ribchester)}}
Image links
6 : Roman fortifications in England|Buildings and structures in Ribble Valley|Tourist attractions in Ribble Valley|Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Lancashire|Archaeological sites in Lancashire|Roman Auxiliary Forts in England |
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