| 词条 | British Rail Class 315 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
}}{{Infobox EMU |name = British Rail Class 315 |image = Class 315 London Broough of Havering @ Stratford.jpg |caption = TfL Rail 315829 at {{stnlnk|Stratford}} in 2017 |interiorimage = 315820 DMSO Interior.jpg |imagesize = 300px |interiorcaption = The refreshed interior of a TfL Rail Class 315. |family = BREL 1972 "PEP" |background = silver |manufacturer = BREL York |operator = London Overground TfL Rail |formation = 4 cars per trainset |numberbuilt = 61 trainsets |yearconstruction = 1980 - 1981 |fleetnumbers = 315801 - 315861 |service = 1980 - present |refurbishment = 1st refurbishment All 61 sets 2004 - 2008[1] Bombardier Derby 2nd refurbishment London Overground and TfL Rail 2015 - 2016 Bombardier Ilford |carlength = {{convert|19.80|m|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} |width = {{convert|2.82|m|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} |height = {{convert|3.58|m|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} |weight = {{convert|127.5|t|abbr=on}} |capacity = 318 seats |maxspeed = {{convert|75|mph|0|abbr=on}} |poweroutput = {{convert|656|kW|hp||abbr=on}} |gauge = {{Track gauge|1435mm|allk=on}} |electricsystem = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} Overhead}} British Rail Class 315 alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) are National Rail units currently in operation on suburban lines in London. They were built by BREL York works from 1980 to 1981, and they were the fifth and final variant of British Rail's then-standard 1972 design for suburban EMUs, which eventually encompassed 755 vehicles and five Classes (Class 313/314/315/507/508). Like the Glasgow-based Class 314 units, they are only able to operate from the 25 kV overhead line. The fleet works inner-suburban Transport for London-run services on the Shenfield Metro for TfL Rail and the Lea Valley Lines for London Overground out of London Liverpool Street. DescriptionEach Class 315 unit is formed of four vehicles; some vehicles are attached to another set of four vehicles to make 8 vehicles. In the past, some further vehicles attached to another four to make 12 vehicles on long distance journeys, such as ones to Southend Victoria or Southminster (operated by Greater Anglia). The vehicles include: Driving Motor Standard Open (DMSO), Pantograph Trailer Standard Open (PTSO), Trailer Standard Open (TSO), and Driving Motor Standard Open (DMSO). Each DMSO carries four traction motors (315801-841 originally had Brush TM61-53 and 315842-861 had GEC G310AZ but these motors are interchangeable and nowadays any type can be found on any unit) rated at 110hp each and a main compressor and air reservoir which carries air for the brakes and suspension. The original pneumatic door system has been replaced by an all-electric door system. The PTSO carries the main and auxiliary transformers, batteries and battery charger, Stone Faiveley AMBR Mk.1 pantograph, vacuum circuit breaker and auxiliary compressor. The TSO carries no equipment other than that which is standard to all coaches. The coaches only contain standard seating and have no toilet facilities. Car numbering is as follows:
Each 4-car set is able to seat 318 passengers. A refurbishment programme commenced from mid-2004, when National Express East Anglia (then 'one' Railway) contracted Bombardier to carry out the refurbishment of all 61 units, starting with the ex-First Great Eastern examples. The low-back 3+2 seating is retained, so the capacity stays the same.[2] The Class 315 units replaced the life-expired Class 306 units. OperationsHistorical servicesFollowing the privatisation of British Rail, the Class 315s were divided between First Great Eastern (43 units) and West Anglia Great Northern (18 units). The leasing company Eversholt Rail Group has owned the entire Class 315 fleet since privatisation.[3] From April 2004, National Express East Anglia (NXEA) ran the inaugural Greater Anglia franchise, which combined the previous operations of both First Great Eastern and WAGN, meaning the two Class 315 fleets were combined. The franchise was initially known as 'One' but was rebranded National Express East Anglia (NXEA) in February 2008.[4] The Class 315 fleet transferred to new operator Abellio Greater Anglia in February 2012. Abellio repainted the trains in its own livery, and undertook a refresh of the fleet, including a Passenger Information System and a flexible space for wheelchairs and cycles which includes tip-up seating and 'call to aid' buttons.[5] Abellio used the fleet for local services out of {{stn|London Liverpool Street}} to {{stnlink|Shenfield}} (the popular Shenfield Metro service) on the Great Eastern Main Line and {{stn|Cheshunt}}, {{stn|Enfield Town}} and {{stn|Chingford}} on the Lea Valley Lines. They are also seen on the Upminster Branch Line between {{stn|Romford}} and {{stnlink|Upminster}}, a duty shared with Class 317s. However, until the end of operation by Abellio Greater Anglia, a number of them were found running further afield, running on the Great Eastern and West Anglia Main Lines at peak times only to Bishop's Stortford, Broxbourne, Southminster and Southend Victoria. Initially, the Shenfield Metro and Upminster Branch Line services used only units 315801-843 and the Lea Valley Lines only 315844-861, reflecting the allocations of the former franchises. All 61 units were then used interchangeably, operating out of Ilford depot. Current servicesThe current operators are London Overground, who use units 315801 - 315817 on West Anglia inner services and Romford to Upminster services. They are also operated by London Overground's sister company, TfL Rail, who use units 315818 - 315861 on Shenfield metro services. ReplacementIn July 2015, TfL confirmed that it would place a £260m order for 45 Bombardier Aventra EMU {{brc|710}} trains, which would replace London Overground's 315s. The Class 710 "Aventra" will be introduced on the West Anglia Routes, taken over from Abellio Greater Anglia in May 2015, in 2018.[6] Additionally, TfL Rail's 315s will be replaced by new {{brc|345}} Aventra trains in 2017-2019.[7][8] On 20 October 2018, the first retired unit, 315850, was hauled to C F Booth of Rotherham to be scrapped.[9] Fleet details
Named unitsSome units have names, these are as follows:[10]
References1. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.railwayherald.org/magazine/pdf/RHUK/Issue125.pdf|title=News Desk|magazine=Railway Herald|page=4|issue=125|date=21 March 2008|accessdate=15 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009151831/http://www.railwayherald.org/magazine/pdf/RHUK/Issue125.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2011|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} {{Commons category|British Rail Class 315}}{{PEP-derived}}{{British Rail EMU}}{{London Overground navbox}}2. ^[https://archive.li/bndOJ National Express invests in upgrade of class 315 fleet] - Archive of National Express East Anglia. Retrieved 23 November 2018. 3. ^Class 315 Electric Multiple Unit {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111071051/http://www.eversholtrail.co.uk/downloads/Eversholt_Rail_315_Data_Sheet.pdf |date=11 November 2013 }} - Eversholt Rail Group. Retrieved 24 December 2013. 4. ^New brand, new name, new era - National Express Group. Retrieved 14 September 2014. 5. ^First refurbished Class 315 units enter service - Greater Anglia. Retrieved 24 December 2013. 6. ^Rail Magazine, Issue 778, Page 14 7. ^{{cite magazine |title=Nationwide railway investment on an unprecedented scale|author=Haigh, Philip|date=19 March 2014 |magazine=Rail|issue=744|pages=34–37}} 8. ^{{cite journal|author1=Ove Arup & Partners Ltd|title=Valley Lines Electrification - Outline Business Case - June 2012|date=June 2012|pages=4.4.1 - Rolling Stock & Table 4.2 - Proxy Rolling Stock Types}} 9. ^{{cite magazine |url=https://www.railwaymagazine.co.uk/first-class-315-goes-for-scrap/|title=First Class 315 goes for scrap|last=Devereux|first=Nigel|date=3 December 2018 |magazine=Railway Magazine|access-date=20 January 2019}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://abrail.co.uk/emurev.htm|title=FAbRail Rail Databases - Electric Multiple Units|website=abrail.co.uk|access-date=20 January 2019}} 2 : British Rail electric multiple units|BREL products |
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