| 词条 | British Rail Class 416 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = British Rail Class 416 | image = 416 at Dalton Kingsland2.jpg | imagesize = 300px | caption = Network SouthEast 6312 at {{stnlnk|Dalston Kingsland}} | background = #012545 | manufacturer = Ashford Works, Eastleigh works & Lancing works[1] | operator = British Rail | formation = DMBS-DTS or DMBS-DTC | numberbuilt = 128 | service = 1955-1995 | weight = DMBS {{convert|40|LT|abbr=on}}[2] DTS {{convert|30|LT|abbr=on}}[2] DTC {{convert|30|LT|abbr=on}}[3] | carlength = {{convert|19.50|m|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} [1] | width = | height = | capacity = | maxspeed = {{convert|75|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}) | traction motors = Two |poweroutput = 2 x {{convert|250|hp|abbr=on}} total {{convert|500|hp|abbr=on}} | gauge = {{Track gauge|ussg|allk=on}} | electricsystem = 660-750 V DC third rail }} British Rail Class 416 (2 EPB) electric multiple units were built between 1953 and 1956. They were intended for inner suburban passenger services on London's Southern Electric network. There were two subclasses of Class 416: Class 416/1 to an SR design on salvaged 2 NOL underframes, and Class 416/2 to BR's Mark I coach design. With the introduction of yellow warning panels from late 1963 the motor coaches of all Southern Region 2 and 3-car units were equipped with an inverted black triangle in order to provide an early visual indication to station staff that there was no brake van at the other end of the unit. As units such the 4 EPB stock had a brake van at each end of the unit they were not so equipped. In the 1980s some 2 EPB units were used on the North London Line between Richmond and North Woolwich; these units being equipped with window bars. Tyneside unitsFifteen units built in 1954/5 to the BR Mark I coach design were built for the third rail electrified Tyneside Electric lines. They were built at Eastleigh, and were the last Tyneside third rail EMUs built. They followed the new British Railways standard design for suburban rolling stock: similar units were built at the same time for use on South London suburban routes, but the Tyneside units had features in keeping with previous Tyneside EMUs, such as a large brake van to accommodate a large volume of fish boxes and prams; electric headcode lights on the cab front between the windows; and above those a roller destination blind. Unlike units of this style built for service in the south, the Tyneside units had a single first class compartment. The units operated the South Tyneside services between Newcastle Central and South Shields, a route that had a busy commuter frequency and passenger numbers to match. British Railways decided to withdraw electric traction from these routes and the South Tyneside route was the first to be replaced by diesel units, being de-electrified in 1963. All 15 units were re-allocated to South London, Kent, Surrey and Berkshire, which entailed some rebuilding of the cabs and the declassification of the first class compartment. The units continued in passenger service until 1985 when they were all withdrawn. A number of units survived for a few years longer on non-passenger duties as test or tractor units. One was used for testing the Tonbridge - Hastings line electrification before the route was opened for electric trains in the summer of 1986 by British Rail. This unit also carried out similar work on the East Grinstead electrification two years later and saw occasional use on other test and tractor duties until laid up in 1995, by which time it was the only South Tyneside unit left. It was purchased for preservation by SERA and was moved to Robertsbridge in Sussex for initial restoration work, and moved to the Electric Railway Museum, Warwickshire in 1999.{{cn|date=March 2017}} RebuildsThe 416/1 subclass (5651-5684) was rebuilt at Eastleigh Works in 1959 using underframes from withdrawn SR Class 2NOL units. The rebuilt units were initially classified 2 NOP but later absorbed into the 2 EPB classification. They had SR-designed bodies, similar to those of the earlier SR-design 4 SUB units and Bulleid locomotive-hauled coaching stock. Electrical equipmentEach motor car had two 250 horsepower English Electric EE507 traction motors. NumberingUnit numbers
Car numbers
PreservationThe final units were withdrawn in 1995. Five units have been preserved, including an ex-Tyneside unit.
ModellingBachmann Industries has released an 00 gauge model of a BR-design 2 EPB (416/2) in late 2011, in several liveries. References{{commonscat|British Rail Class 416}}1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.kentrail.org.uk/Class%20415.htm |title=Class 415/416: 2/4 EPB |accessdate=2008-02-16 |author=Glasspool, David }} {{British Rail EMU}}2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.emus.co.uk/epb.htm |title=Suburban Electric Railway Association - 2-EPB Units |accessdate=2008-02-16 |author=SERA }} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.emus.co.uk/tyn.htm |title=Suburban Electric Railway Association - South Tyneside 2 EPB EMUs |accessdate=2008-02-16 |author=SERA }} 4. ^http://www.cs.vintagecarriagestrust.org/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=5932 5. ^http://www.cs.vintagecarriagestrust.org/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=5932 6. ^http://www.cs.vintagecarriagestrust.org/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=5934 7. ^http://www.cs.vintagecarriagestrust.org/se/CarriageInfo.asp?Ref=5934 1 : British Rail electric multiple units |
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