| 词条 | Britton Chance |
| 释义 |
| name = Britton Chance {{nobold| {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=small|ForMemRS}} }} | image = Britton Chance (1965).jpg | caption = Britton Chance (Ron Kroon, 1965) | image_size = | birth_date = {{birth date|1913|7|24|mf=y}} | birth_place = Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania | death_date = {{death date and age|2012|11|16|1913|7|24|mf=y}} | death_place = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | nationality = United States | field = Biophysics Biochemistry | work_institutions = University of Pennsylvania | alma_mater = University of Pennsylvania (B.A) (1935) University of Pennsylvania (M.A.) (1936) University of Pennsylvania (Ph.D) (1940) Cambridge University (Ph.D) (1942) | doctoral_advisor = | known_for = Enzyme kinetics Optical imaging MRI | prizes = }}{{MedalTableTop|name=no|medals={{MedalSport|Men's sailing}}{{MedalCountry|the {{USA}}}}{{MedalCompetition|Olympic Games}}{{MedalGold|1952 Helsinki | 5.5 metre class}}{{MedalCompetition|World Championship}}{{MedalGold|1962 Poole|5.5 metre class}} }} Britton Chance {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=small|ForMemRS}} (July 24, 1913 – November 16, 2010) was the Eldridge Reeves Johnson University Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry and Biophysics, as well as Professor Emeritus of Physical Chemistry and Radiological Physics at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. At the 1952 Summer Olympics, Chance won a gold medal in sailing. Early life and educationChance was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He received a B.A. (1935), M.A. (1936), and Ph.D. degree in physical chemistry (1940) at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was a member of St. Anthony Hall. Chance earned a second Ph.D. at Cambridge University in 1942 in Biology/Physiology. CareerDuring World War II, Chance worked for the Radiation Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology which was working on the development of radar. In 1952, he received his D.Sc. from Cambridge. His research interests were diverse. He was promoted as the professor of biophysics at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and appointed the second director of the Johnson Foundation, a position he held until 1983. He was then appointed E. R. Johnson Professor of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry (later renamed as Biochemistry and Biophysics) in 1964 and University Professor in 1977. In his early career, he was mainly working on enzyme structure and function. He had invented the now standard stopped-flow device to measure the existence of the enzyme-substrate complex in enzyme reaction.[1] He was a pioneer in the numerical simulations of biochemical reactions and metabolic pathways.[2][3] In later years, while retaining his interest in those fields, he also focused on metabolic control phenomena in living tissues as studied by noninvasive technique such as phosphorus NMR and optical spectroscopy and fluorometry, including the use of infrared light to characterize the properties of various tissues and breast tumors.[4] OlympicHe won a gold medal for the United States at the 1952 Summer Olympics in the 5½ Meter Class, alongside Edgar White and Sumner White.[5] Awards and recognitionsChance joined the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1952. He received the National Medal of Science in 1974.[6] He was also previously elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Medical Sciences, in 1968, as well as a foreign member of the Royal Society (London) in 1981. In 1971 he was elected a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.[7] He died in the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia in November 2010.[8]
AwardsAcademic awards
Awards named after Britton Chance
References1. ^Kresge N, Simoni RD, Hill RL. Britton Chance: Olympian and Developer of Stop-Flow Methods. J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 279, Issue 50, 10, December 10, 2004. 2. ^Chance, B., Greenstein, D. S., Higgins, J. & Yang, C. C. The mechanism of catalase action. II. Electric analog computer studies. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 37, 322–339 (1952). 3. ^Chance, Britton and Garfinkel, David and Higgins, Joseph and Hess, Benno. Metabolic control mechanisms. V. A solution for the equations representing interaction between glycolysis and respiration in ascites tumor cells. J. biol. Chem. 235, 2726-2439 (1960) 4. ^University of Pennsylvania Archival Collection 5. ^US Sailing Medalists {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080322050456/http://www.ussailing.org/olympics/usmedals.htm |date=2008-03-22 }} 6. ^[https://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/recip_details.cfm?recip_id=72 National Science Foundation - The President's National Medal of Science] 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.leopoldina.org/en/members/list-of-members/member/88/|title=List of Members|website=www.leopoldina.org|accessdate=19 October 2017}} 8. ^{{cite news|title = Britton Chance, Olympian and Biophysics Researcher, Dies at 97|last = Weber|first = Bruce|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/29/us/29chance.html?_r=1&ref=obituaries|newspaper = The New York Times|publisher = |date = 2010-11-28|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5udny0RCG?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/29/us/29chance.html?_r=2&ref=obituaries|archivedate = 2010-12-01|accessdate = 2010-11-30|deadurl = yes|df = }} 9. ^ISOT Awards 10. ^SPIE honors Britton Chance with new biomedical optics award External links
23 : 1913 births|2010 deaths|Alumni of the University of Cambridge|American biochemists|American biophysicists|Fellows of Churchill College, Cambridge|Foreign Members of the Royal Society|Guggenheim Fellows|Honorary doctors of the University of Copenhagen|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|National Medal of Science laureates|Olympic gold medalists for the United States in sailing|Olympic sailors of the United States|American male sailors (sport)|People from Mantoloking, New Jersey|Sailors at the 1952 Summer Olympics – 5.5 Metre|University of Pennsylvania alumni|University of Pennsylvania faculty|American physical chemists|Haverford School alumni|Winners of the Heineken Prize|Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Members of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina |
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