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{{speciesbox
| name = Bronzed cowbird
| image = Bronzed Cowbird.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = [1]
| genus = Molothrus
| species = aeneus
| authority = (Wagler, 1829)
| range_map = Molothrus aeneus map.svg
| range_map_caption = Range of M. aeneus {{leftlegend|#FFFF00|Breeding range|outline=gray}}{{leftlegend|#008000|Year round range|outline=gray}}
}}The bronzed cowbird (once known as the red-eyed cowbird), (Molothrus aeneus), is a small icterid. It breeds from the southern U.S. states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Louisiana south through Central America to Panama. They tend to be found in farmland, brush, and feedlots. Outside the breeding season, they are found in very open habitats, and roost in thick woods. They forage in open areas, often nearby cattle in pastures. Their diet mostly consists of seeds and insects, along with snails during breeding season for a calcium source.[2] There are three subspecies and an isolated population on the Caribbean coast of Colombia that is sometimes treated as a separate species, the bronze-brown cowbird (M. armenti):[3] - M. a. loyei – Parkes & Blake, 1965: found in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico
- M. a. assimilis – (Nelson, 1900): found in southwestern Mexico
- M. a. aeneus – (Wagler, 1829): nominate, found in southern Texas (south central USA) and from eastern Mexico to central Panama
The male bronzed cowbird is {{convert|20|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and weighs {{convert|68|g|oz|abbr=on}}, with green-bronze glossed black plumage. Their eyes are red in breeding season and brown otherwise. The female is {{convert|18.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and weighs {{convert|56|g|oz|abbr=on}}. She is a dull black with a brown underbelly, and has brown eyes. Young birds have coloring similar to the females, with the exception of grey feather fringes. Like all cowbirds, this bird is an obligate brood parasite; it lays its eggs in the nests of other birds. The young cowbird is fed by the host parents at the expense of their own young. Hosts include Prevost's ground-sparrow and White-naped brush finch. They develop rapidly, leaving the nest after 10–12 days. References1. ^{{IUCN|id=22724349 |title=Molothrus aeneus |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}
2. ^1 {{cite web |title=Bronzed Cowbird |url=https://www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/bronzed-cowbird |website=Guide to North American Birds |publisher=Audubon |accessdate=27 October 2015}}
3. ^1 {{cite web |editor-last=Gill |editor-first=Frank |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |year=2016 |title=IOC World Bird List (v 6.3): New World warblers & oropendolas |doi=10.14344/IOC.ML.6.3 | url = http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/warblers/ | accessdate = 22 July 2016}}
[2][3]
}}{{refbegin}}- {{cite book |last1=Stiles |first1=G. |last2=Skutch |first2=A.F. |title=A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica |year=1989 |publisher=Comstock |isbn=0-8014-9600-4}}
{{refend}}Further reading- {{cite book |last=Lowther |first=P.E. |year=1995 |title=Bronzed Cowbird (Molothrus aeneus) |work=The Birds of North America |number=No. 144 |editor-first1=A. |editor-last1=Poole |editor-first2=F. |editor-last2=Gill |publisher=The Academy of Natural Sciences and The American Ornithologists’ Union |location=Philadelphia and Washington, DC }}
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