| 词条 | Brown's Folly |
| 释义 |
|image= |name=Browne's Folly |aos=Avon |interest=Geological and Biological |gridref={{gbmappingsmall|ST793662}} |coordinates = {{coord|51.39445|-2.29891|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}} |displaymap=Somerset |area={{convert|98.5|acre|km2 sqmi}} |notifydate={{Start date|df=yes|1974}} |enref= }}Wade Browne's Folly ({{gbmapping|ST793662}}) is a folly tower sitting within a 39.9 hectare biological and geological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) near the village of Bathford in Somerset, notified in 1974: the site itself is known as the Farleigh (sometimes Farly) Down Stone Quarry, and is managed as a nature reserve by the Avon Wildlife Trust (AWT). The tower was built in 1848 and is a Grade II listed building.[1] The site is situated on steep west-facing slopes which overlook the River Avon. The calcareous soils have developed on Lower Lias clays, fuller's earth and oolitic limestone strata of Jurassic age.[2] The local geology is of major importance in the context of the British Bathonian stratigraphy.[2] The site includes the remains of quarries used for the extraction of Bath Stone. These provide a rich variety of wildlife habitats. Downland flora has covered the spoilheaps where wild thyme, harebell and nine species of orchid (including the rare Fly Orchid) are found.[3]{{rp|252}} Yellow Bird's-nest occurs here.[3]{{rp|108}} The damp cliff faces support a variety of ferns, fungi and spiders. Pockets of ancient woodland on the lower slopes are home to woodpeckers, and unusual plants such as Bath asparagus. Old quarriesThe old underground quarries are used for roosting by the Greater Horseshoe Bat,[4] and five other bat species are present at the site.[2] The main bat roost area is clearly marked on the survey created by the SMCC, and everyone is asked to avoid the area. Boris, the oldest Greater Horseshoe Bat ever recorded in Britain, was discovered at Browne's Folly in January 2000.[5] The underground workings themselves are of great speleological and historical interest. They are extremely well decorated and contain many delicate stalactites and examples of gull formation (caves features formed by land slippage). The quarry workings provided stone for the façade of Buckingham Palace. AccessIn 2000, access was unilaterally withdrawn by the Avon Wildlife Trust pending the results of a mine inspector's report on the safety of the mines. This report was required because of the Health and Safety at Work Act which affects employees and volunteers of Avon Wildlife Trust who might have to enter the mine to count the bats. These legal requirements do not affect leisure access by cavers. Prior to 2000, access to the mine was controlled by the Council of Southern Caving Clubs and cavers coexisted with a thriving bat population with voluntary restrictions on the access during the bat roosting season. There is no evidence of caving activity adversely affecting the bat population. Other locations such as Box Freestone quarry have seen rising bat populations despite becoming very popular. ConservationAlthough the site is owned and managed by the AWT, the old quarry is maintained by cavers and mine explorers who remove graffiti and litter as well as repair damage and naturally occurring falls to keep passages open and relatively safe. Access to both the caves and tower is dangerous and people should not descend the one or ascend the other without expert guidance. Visitors are also reminded that anyone who destroys or damages a bat roost is breaking the law and susceptible to heavy fines or imprisonment. References1. ^{{cite web|title=Browne's Folly|url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=314558|work=Images of England|publisher=English Heritage|accessdate=20 August 2011}} {{SSSIs Avon biological}}{{SSSIs Avon geological}}2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002510.pdf |title=Browne's Folly |work=Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) |publisher=English Nature |accessdate=2 June 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184120/http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002510.pdf |archivedate=3 March 2016 |df=dmy }} 3. ^1 {{cite book|last=Green|first=Ian|editor-last=Myles|editor-first=Sarah|year=2000|title=The Flora of the Bristol Region|isbn=978-1-874357-18-6|publisher=Pisces Publications|series=Wildlife of the Bristol Region}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.avonwildlifetrust.org.uk/reserves/browns_folly.htm|title=Brown's Folly|work=Reserves|publisher=Avon Wildlife Trust|accessdate=2 June 2008}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.avonwildlifetrust.org.uk/reserves/browns_folly.htm|title=Browns Folly|publisher=Avon Wildlife Trust|accessdate=11 November 2011}} 4 : Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Avon|Bath and North East Somerset|Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1974|Nature reserves in Somerset |
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