词条 | Bruno Beger |
释义 |
|name = Bruno Beger |image = Bundesarchiv Bild 135-KB-15-083, Tibetexpediton, Anthropometrische Untersuchungen.jpg |image_size = |caption = Beger conducting anthropometric studies in Sikkim |birth_name = |birth_date = {{Birth date|1911|04|27}} |birth_place = Frankfurt am Main, German Empire |death_date = {{Death date and age|2009|10|12|1911|04|27}} |death_place = Königstein im Taunus, Germany |nationality = German |known_for = 1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet |education = |alma_mater = University of Jena |employer = |occupation = Anthropologist, explorer, ethnologist |spouse = |partner = |children = |parents = }} Bruno Beger (27 April 1911 – 12 October 2009) was a German racial anthropologist, ethnologist, and explorer who worked for the Ahnenerbe. In that role he participated in Ernst Schäfer's 1938 journey to Tibet, helped the Race and Settlement Office or SS-Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt of the SS identify Jews, and later helped select human subjects to be killed to create an anatomical study collection of Jewish skeletons.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} Early lifeBeger was born in 1911 to an old Heidelberg family that soon after came upon hard times when Beger's father was killed in World War I, but a family friend paid for him to attend the University of Jena where he was first exposed to Hans F. K. Günther during a lecture, a man who would encourage him through his early academic career in anthropology and ethnology. Service in the SSIn 1934, Beger began working a part-time job in the Race and Settlement Office of the SS where he eventually became a section head. Beger was asked to be part of an expedition to Hawaii, but while this was awaiting final approval, he was invited on a trip to Tibet led by Ernst Schäfer which he accepted instead. In a proposal he wrote to Schäfer, Beger stated his contribution to the expedition would be "to study the current racial-anthropological situation through measurements, trait research, photography and moulds... and to collect material about the proportion, origins, significance and development of the Nordic race in this region."[1] German Ernst Schäfer Tibet ExpeditionAll through the expedition, Beger kept a travel diary which was published in book form 60 years later, Mit der deutschen Tibetexpedition Ernst Schäfer 1938/39 nach Lhasa (Wiesbaden, 1998). Only 50 copies of it exist.[2] Jewish skeleton collectionBeger worked together with August Hirt at the Reichsuniversität Straßburg. His assignment, which he carried out, was to provide the Nazi doctor with detainees of diverse ethnic types from various concentration camps in order to serve Hirt's lethal racial experiments{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}. The work involved selecting over 100 individuals from Auschwitz to be murdered for their skeletons. They were mainly Jews, and the crime was exposed during the Nuremberg trials in 1946. The victims were sent to Natzweiler concentration camp for gassing by Joseph Kramer. Their corpses were then sent to Hirt in Strasburg. In these endeavours he was assisted by doctors Hans Endres, Hans Fleischhacker, Heinrich Rübel and Rudolf Trojan.[3] After the warIn February 1948, Beger was classified as "exonerated" by a denazification tribunal unaware of his role in the skeleton collection. In 1960, an investigation into the collection began in Ludwigsburg, and Beger was taken into custody on 30 March 1960. He was released four months later. The investigation continued until coming to trial on 27 October 1970. Beger claimed that he was unaware the Auschwitz prisoners he measured were to be killed. While two others indicted in the trial were released, Beger was convicted on 6 April 1971, and sentenced to three years in prison for being an accomplice in the murder of 86 Jews. Upon appeal his sentence was reduced to three years of probation. Neither of his colleagues with whom he was tried, Hans Fleischhacker and Wolf-Dietrich Wolff, were convicted.[4] According to his family, Beger died in Königstein/Taunus on 12 October 2009.[5][6] See also
Published work
References1. ^Joseph Cummins, [https://books.google.com/books?id=tiBNJTrWRR4C&dq=%22Bruno+beger%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s History's great untold stories: obscure events of lasting importance], Murdoch Books, 2006, p. 327. 2. ^Detlev Rose, L’expédition allemande au Tibet de 1938-39, voyage scientifique ou quête de traces à motivation idéologique ? {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120153643/http://www.voxnr.com/cc/d_allemagne/EEykuApZAydnrSWacD.shtml |date=2008-11-20 }}: "Bruno BEGER, Mit der deutschen Tibetexpedition Ernst Schäfer 1938/39 nach Lhasa, Wiesbaden, 1998, page 6. Ce livre récapitule les notes du journal de voyage de Beger, réadaptées pour publication. Il n'a été tiré qu’à une cinquantaine d'exemplaires." 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Pringle|first1=Heather|title=The master plan : Himmler's scholars and the Holocaust|date=2006|publisher=Hyperion|location=New York|isbn=0-7868-6886-4|page=257-268|edition=1}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Pringle|first1=Heather|title=The master plan : Himmler's scholars and the Holocaust|date=2006|publisher=Hyperion|location=New York|isbn=0-7868-6886-4|page=316-317|edition=1}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Die Spur der Skelette (Mention of death in section labeled Auftrag erweitert)|url=http://www.spiegel.de/einestages/ns-verbrechen-a-950002.html#featuredEntry|website=Der Spiegel|accessdate=23 March 2016|language=German|date=1 June 2010}} 6. ^{{cite web|last1=Lang|first1=Hans-Joachim |author-link=Hans-Joachim Lang |title=The Perpetrators|url=http://www.die-namen-der-nummern.de/index.php/en/the-perpetrators|website=The Names of the Numbers|accessdate=23 March 2016}} Further reading
10 : 1911 births|2009 deaths|Expatriates in Tibet|German anthropologists|German ethnologists|German explorers|People from Frankfurt|Scientific racism|SS-Hauptsturmführer|University of Jena alumni |
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