| 词条 | Brynglas Tunnels |
| 释义 |
|name = |image = Bryn Glas Tunnels M4 (Eastern Portal) - geograph.org.uk - 109138.jpg |image_size = |caption = The eastern portal: entrance to west bound tunnel on left, exit of east bound tunnel on right |location = Newport, South Wales |coordinates = {{coord|51.60325|N|2.99739|W|region:GB_source:enwiki-osgb36(ST310898)|display=inline,title}} |route = M4 |status = |start = |end = |startwork = 10 September 1962 |opened = May 1967 |close = |owner = |operator = |traffic = |character = |toll = |vpd = |construction = |length = {{convert|1200|ft|m|adj=mid}} (404yards) |lanes = 2 each way |speed = Variable |hielevation = |lowelevation = |height = |width = |grade = }} The Brynglas Tunnels carry the M4 under Brynglas Hill in Newport, Wales. The 404 yards-long tunnels are the first and only twin–bored tunnels in the UK motorway network. The tunnels and adjacent M4 motorway Usk bridge were originally planned by Newport Corporation in August 1959 in a plan submitted to the Ministry of Transport. Work started on the £3m tunnels project - led by engineer Sir Owen Williams on 10 September 1962.[1] Both structures were complete and open to traffic on 5 May 1967.[2] [3] During the construction several houses on Brynglas Road (where the modern Newport Lodge Hotel now stands) had to be demolished due to structural weaknesses caused by the tunnelling and prompting questions in the House of Commons.[4] Almost as soon as the M4 Newport bypass (junctions 24-28) had opened, the traffic levels had grown to such a degree that the road had to be widened to three lanes in each direction. This was finished in 1982 but with the exception of the tunnels and Usk bridge which remained as dual two-lane sections (Junctions 25-26). M4 sliproads at Junction 25 (Caerleon Road) are diverted to reduce traffic through the tunnels. M4 Westbound traffic joining at Junction 25 is diverted via Junction 25A/A4042 (Heidenheim Drive)/A4051 (Malpas Road) to Junction 26. Similarly eastbound traffic wishing to exit at Junction 25 is diverted from Junction 26 via the A4051/A4042/Junction 25A. This adds to congestion on Malpas Road and other local roads near Newport city centre at peak times. Traffic congestionThe tunnels remain a bottleneck on the motorway. Partly due to regular tailbacks at the tunnels, a variable speed limit is in place between junctions 24 and 28. A new M4 relief road south of Newport was proposed, but on 15 July 2009 the scheme was dropped by the National Assembly for Wales. Hence the A48 Southern Distributor Road, a two-lane dual carriageway connecting M4 junction 24 to junction 28, remains the alternative route. In March 2012 the National Assembly for Wales published options for consultation including the option to bore further tunnels.[5] FireOn 26 July 2011, a lorry fire caused both tunnels to be completely closed. The articulated lorry, belonging to Hingley Transport, caught fire upon entering the west-bound tunnel entrance, but due to the nature of the damage to the lorry it was unable to exit the tunnel. Attempts by the driver to disconnect the cargo-section from the lorry cab failed, as the fire intensified tyres on the vehicle started to explode and the lorry driver was driven to safety by motorist Ashley Hall [6] who had stopped further back towards the entrance of the tunnel to block and prevent vehicles behind from entering the smoke-filled tunnel, before rapidly accelerating into the tunnel to pick up the driver and escape the blaze and subsequent explosions.[7] There were no fatalities recorded but the closure caused a considerable amount of traffic delay in both directions of travel.[8] References1. ^{{cite web|last1=Kenyon|first1=Peter|title=Brynglas: A story of innovative solutions|url=https://www.tunneltalk.com/Fire-safety-Nov11-Brynglas-historic-design-and-construction-review.php|website=Tunnel talk|publisher=Tunnel talk|accessdate=7 May 2017|date=Nov 2011}} 2. ^{{cite magazine| authorlink = | title = Open tomorrow: Newport Bypass and the Crindau Tunnels|magazine=Autocar | volume = 126 (nbr 3716)|page=78 |date = 4 May 1967}} 3. ^{{cite web|last1=Shuttleworth|first1=Peter|title='Unique' Brynglas tunnels celebrate 50th birthday|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-39799025|website=BBC News Wales|publisher=BBC News Wales|accessdate=7 May 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Hansard|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1966/jul/29/brynglas-tunnel-newport#S5CV0732P0_19660729_CWA_103|accessdate=7 May 2017}} 5. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-politics-17264422 Brynglas Tunnel consultation] 6. ^Daily Post "Motorist tells of lorry driver’s Brynglas tunnels escape", accessed 27 July 2011. 7. ^South Wales Argus "M4 TUNNEL BLAZE: I rescued lorry driver seconds before explosion", accessed 27 July 2011. 8. ^BBC News [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-14288312 "Traffic chaos after M4 Brynglas tunnel lorry blaze"], accessed 26 July 2011. External links
10 : Buildings and structures in Newport, Wales|Tunnels in Wales|Transport in Newport, Wales|Motorways in Wales|Landmarks in Newport, Wales|Tunnels completed in 1982|Road tunnels in Wales|Road tunnels in the United Kingdom|M4 motorway|1982 establishments in Wales |
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