| 词条 | BTR-40 |
| 释义 |
}}{{Infobox weapon |name=BTR-40 | image= BTR-40-latrun-2.jpg | image_size = 300 |caption=Ex-Egyptian or ex-Syrian Israeli-modified BTR-40 at the Yad la-Shiryon Museum, Israel, 2005. |origin= Soviet Union |type=Wheeled Armoured Personnel Carrier Reconnaissance Vehicle |is_vehicle=yes |service=1950–1980s |used_by=See Operators |designer=V. A. Dedkov |design_date=1947–1950 |number=8,500 [1] |production_date=1950–1960 (BTR-40ZhD produced until 1969) |variants=See Variants |manufacturer=Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod unknown Chinese manufacturer |length=5 m[2] |width=1.9 m[2] |height=2.2 m (1.83 m without armament) |weight=5.3 tonnes |armour=6-8 mm |primary_armament=7.62 SGMB medium machine gun (1,250 rounds (total)) (optional) |secondary_armament=2×7.62 SGMB medium machine gun (1,250 rounds (total)) (optional) |suspension=4x4 wheel, leaf spring |speed=80 km/h[2] |clearance=400 mm[2] |fuel_capacity=122 l[2] |vehicle_range=430 km (road)[2] 385 km (cross country)[2] |engine=6-cylinder GAZ-40[2] |crew=2 + 8 passengers (BTR-40 and BTR-40V)[2] 2 + 6 passengers (BTR-40B) |engine_power=80 hp (60 kW) at 3,400 rpm[2] |pw_ratio=15.1 hp/tonne (11.3 kW/tonne) }} The BTR-40 (БТР, from Бронетранспортёр, or Bronetransporter, literally "armoured transporter".[https://web.archive.org/web/20061103033619/http://www.milparade.com/Soderzhaniye.pdf †]) is a Soviet non-amphibious, wheeled armoured personnel carrier and reconnaissance vehicle.[3] It is often referred to as the Sorokovka in Soviet service.[4] It is also the first mass-produced Soviet APC. It was eventually replaced in the APC role by the BTR-152 and in the scout car role by the BRDM-1. Development historyThe BTR-40's development began in early 1947 at the design bureau of the Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (Gorkovsky Automobile Factory) under the leadership of V. A. Dedkov. The concept was a successor to the BA-64B armoured car which went out of production in 1946. The design team also included L. W. Kostikin and P.I. Muziukin. Two prototypes designated BTR-141 were completed in 1947. The first was armed with two coaxial 14.5 mm KPVT heavy machine guns on a rotatable mount which was protected by armour plate at the front and sides. The second had no fixed armament. Neither one was accepted for service. In 1950 two new prototypes were produced. Those had a different shape of armour including an upright rear armour. Again one prototype had no fixed armament and the second was armed with two coaxial 14.5 mm KPVT heavy machine guns. These were accepted into service as BTR-40 and BTR-40A respectively.[5] The vehicle's drawbacks, such as its poor cross-country performance and problems with crossing water obstacles, compelled the design team to produce, in late 1954, what was planned to be an amphibious variant of the BTR-40. It received the designation BTR-40P (with the 'P' standing for plavayushchiy – "floating"). During the design process, the vehicle moved away from the APC concept and became an amphibious armoured scout car. It received a new designation, BRDM. DescriptionOverviewThe BTR-40's design was based on the GAZ-63 four wheel drive truck which went into production in 1946. The design featured a self-bearing body which was a new feature in Soviet vehicles. The hull has two side doors for the commander and driver and a back door. The vehicle can transport up to eight fully equipped soldiers or 1 tonne of cargo.[5] ProtectionThe BTR-40's armour is from 6 mm to 8 mm thick which gives it protection from small arms fire and the shell splinters of its time, but does not protect it against modern artillery fragments and .50-calibre machine gun fire. The BTR-40-series tyres are not protected by armour. They are particularly vulnerable to puncture from fire of all kinds. The vehicle has no roof and is normally covered with a tarpaulin to protect the crew, transported cargo or troops from rain and snow. However this makes it unable to mount any of the SGMB machine guns.[5] ArmamentThe APC variant has no permanent armament but it has pintle mounts for three 7.62 mm SGMB medium machine guns, one at the front of the troop compartment and the other two at the sides. The vehicle also has two firing ports on both sides of the hull which allow up to four soldiers to use their weapons while being protected by the APC's armour.[5] ManeuverabilityLike the GAZ-63 truck on which it is based on, the BTR-40 has a four-wheel drive. The chassis, however, is shorter compared to the GAZ-63. The only other thing that distinguishes the chassis of the BTR-40 from that of the GAZ-63 are additional shock absorbers. The BTR-40 also has a more powerful engine. The turning angle is 7.5 m.[5] EquipmentThe vehicle has the 10RT-12 receiving and airing radio which has a range of 20–25 km and a winch at the front, with a maximum capacity of 4.5 tonnes and 70 m of cable. It has no protection against nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) weapons. It also has no night vision equipment.[5] Service historySoviet UnionThe BTR-40 was produced at the Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (Gorkovsky Automobile Factory) from 1950 to 1960. It was first shown publicly at the military parade in Moscow in 1950.[5] It was issued to the Red Army in 1950 and was used in the APC, reconnaissance and command post roles. After several years of service,[6] it became apparent that it did not fit the modern battlefield. It was replaced by the BTR-152. Foreign serviceThe BTR-40 began to enter service with two other Warsaw Pact members in late 1949, namely East Germany and Poland, where it was used as a standard APC until more advanced vehicles like the BTR-152 were available. The last BTR-40s were withdrawn from Warsaw Pact countries in the early 1970s. The vehicle was also sold to many Arab and African nations in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The People's Republic of China (PRC), had developed a copy of the BTR-40 called the Type 55. It is unknown how many of these vehicles entered service with the PLA. The vehicle was also exported to North Korea, probably as part of a military assistance programme during the Korean War, where it saw combat for the first time. It was later used by the North Vietnamese Army during the Vietnam War.[7] BTR-40 also saw combat service during the North Yemen Civil War during which at least one was captured from the Egyptians by the royalist guerrillas. List of conflicts{{unreferenced|section|date=December 2018}}
VariantsFormer USSR
The People's Republic of China
Cuba
Former East Germany
Indonesia
Israel
OperatorsCurrent operators
Former operators
Former non-state operators
See also
References1. ^{{cite book|title=Jane's Armour and Artillery 2005–2006}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite web |url=http://www.pancerni.abajt.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=66&Itemid=78&limit=1&limitstart=1 |title=BTR-40 ZSRR Strona 2 z 2 |publisher=Pancerni.net |language=Polish}}{{Self-published inline|date=March 2011}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last=Christopher F. Foss|title=Jane's Tanks and Combat Vehicles Recognition Guide|edition=2000|page=290 |publisher=Harper Collins Publishers|isbn=978-0-00-472452-2}} 4. ^ibid. 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 {{cite web |url=http://www.pancerni.abajt.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=66&Itemid=78&limit=1&limitstart=0 |title=BTR-40 ZSRR Strona 1 z 2 |language=Polish |publisher=Pancerni.net}}{{Self-published inline|date=March 2011}} 6. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/785874088|title=Tanks and armored fighting vehicles : visual encyclopedia.|last=|first=|date=2012|publisher=Chartwell Books|isbn=9780785829263|location=New York, N.Y.|pages=244|oclc=785874088}} 7. ^"North Vietnamese Armor" 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 {{cite web|url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/arms_trade/trade_register.php|title=Trade Registers|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/pla-inventory.htm|title=People's Liberation Army|author=John Pike|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://indomiliter.com/2010/04/21/btr-40-panser-yang-nyaris-jadi-besi-tua/ |title=BTR-40 : Panser Yang Nyaris Jadi Besi Tua |work=IndoMiliter |accessdate=24 December 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224152719/http://indomiliter.com/2010/04/21/btr-40-panser-yang-nyaris-jadi-besi-tua/ |archivedate=24 December 2014 |df= }} 11. ^{{cite book |author1=Cordesman, Anthony H. |author2=Kleiber, Martin |title=Iran's Military Forces and Warfighting Capabilities: The Threat in the Northern Gulf | year=2007 | publisher=Greenwood | isbn=978-0-313-34612-5| page=51}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Yemen|author=|url=http://www.inss.org.il/he/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/systemfiles/Yemen.pdf|location=Tel-Aviv|publisher=Institute For National Security Studies|date=6 October 2013|accessdate=26 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726101809/http://www.inss.org.il/he/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/systemfiles/Yemen.pdf|archivedate=26 July 2017}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Handbook of Major Foreign Weapons Systems Exported to the Third World: 1981–86|author=|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP88T00706R000500410003-2.pdf|location=Langley|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|date=November 1987 |accessdate=20 June 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123043011/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP88T00706R000500410003-2.pdf|archivedate=23 January 2017}} 14. ^{{cite book|last=Cordesman|first=Anthony|title=After The Storm: The Changing Military Balance in the Middle East|date=October 2016|page=241|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|location=London|isbn=978-1-4742-9256-6}} 15. ^{{cite news|title=Armée malienne : le difficile inventaire |trans-title=Malian Army: The difficult inventory|language=fr|url= https://www.jeuneafrique.com/170176/politique/arm-e-malienne-le-difficile-inventaire/|work=Jeune Afrique|first=Laurent |last=Touchard |date=18 June 2013}} 16. ^{{Cite book|title=World Armies |edition=Second |last=Keegan |first=John |publisher=Palgrave-Macmillan |location=Basingstoke |date=1983 |isbn=978-0-333-34079-0 |page=408}} External links{{Commons|BTR-40}}
7 : Armoured personnel carriers of the Soviet Union|Armoured personnel carriers of the Cold War|Cold War armoured fighting vehicles of the Soviet Union|GAZ Group military vehicles|Wheeled reconnaissance vehicles|Military vehicles 1950–1959|Reconnaissance vehicles of the Cold War |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。