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词条 Buchanan Medal
释义

  1. List of recipients

  2. References

  3. External links

The Buchanan Medal is awarded by the Royal Society "in recognition of distinguished contribution to the medical sciences generally". The award was created in 1897 from a fund to the memory of London physician Sir George Buchanan (1831–1895). It was to be awarded once every five years, but since 1990 the medal has been awarded every two years.[1] Since its creation, it has been awarded 28 times, and unlike other Royal Society medals such as the Royal Medal, it has never been awarded to the same individual multiple times. As a result of the criteria for the medal, most of the winners have been doctors or other medical professionals; an exception was Frederick Warner, an engineer who won the medal in 1982 "for his important role in reducing pollution of the River Thames and of his significant contributions to risk assessment".[2]

One winner has also won a Nobel Prize: Barry Marshall, who was awarded the Buchanan Medal in 1998 "in recognition of his work on discovering the role of Helicobacter pylori as a cause of diseases such as duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, gastric cancer and gastritis-associated dyspepsia" and won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2005.[3] The first winner was John Simon, who won his medal in 1897 "for his distinguished services as an organizer of medical sanitary administration in this country, and as a promoter of scientific research relating to public health"; the most recent winner was Peter Ratcliffe, who won the medal in 2017 "for his ground-breaking research on oxygen sensing and signalling pathways mediating cellular responses to hypoxia."

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List of recipients

Source: [https://royalsociety.org/awards/buchanan-medal/ Royal Society]

YearNameRationaleNotes
1897 John|Simon|John Simon (doctor)}}"for his distinguished services as an organizer of medical sanitary administration in this country, and as a promoter of scientific research relating to public health"[4]
1902 Sydney|Copeman}}"for his experimental investigations into the bacteriology and comparative pathology of vaccination"[5]
1907 William Henry|Power}}"for his services to sanitary science"[6]
1912 William Crawford|Gorgas}}"for his sanitary administration of the works of the Panama Canal"—
1917 Almroth|Wright}}"for his contributions to preventive medicine"[7]
1922 David|Bruce|David Bruce (microbiologist)}}"for his researches and discoveries in tropical medicine"[8]
1927 Major|Greenwood}}"for his statistical researches and other work in relation to public health"[9]
1932 Thorvald|Madsen}}"for his very important theoretical and practical work on immunity, especially in relation to diphtheria antitoxin"—
1937 Frederick Fuller|Russell}}"for his work in relation to public health problems in many parts of the world on behalf of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation"—
1942 Wilson|Jameson}}"for his distinguished administrative service to hygienic science and practice"[10]
1947 Edward|Mellanby}}"for his distinguished researches on the physiology of nutrition, especially in relation to the causation of deficiency diseases"[11]
1952 Rickard|Christophers}}"for his outstanding research on malaria and on the Anopheles mosquitos [sic] which transmit that disease"[12]
1957 Neil Hamilton|Fairley}}"for his distinguished contributions to the control of malaria"[13]
1962 Landsborough|Thomson}}"for his long and distinguished services to the support and administration of medical and biological research"[14]
1967 Graham|Wilson|Graham Selby Wilson}}"for his distinguished work on the medical aspects of bacteriology and immunity, and for the public health laboratory service of England and Wales"[15]
1972 Richard|Doll}}"for his outstanding studies on the aetiology, prevention and treatment of disease, especially cancer"[16]
1977 David|Evans|David Evans (microbiologist)}}"for his leading role in the standardization and safety control of vaccines"[17]
1982 Frederick|Warner|Frederick Warner (engineer)}}"for his important role in reducing pollution of the River Thames and of his significant contributions to risk assessment"[18]
1987 Gyorgy Karoly|Radda}}"for his development of high resolution NMR spectroscopy for the study of cellular energetics and cellular enzymology, and for medical diagnosis, and of the insights and advances thereby gained"—
1990 Cyril|Clarke}}"for his innovative studies on haemolytic disease of the newborn which culminated in new therapies leading to the elimination of this major fetal disease"[19]
1992 Denis Parsons|Burkitt}}"for his discovery of a lymphoma which bears his name"[20]
1994 Sir David|Weatherall}}"in recognition of his notable contributions, over many years, to the application of molecular genetics to human medicine, in particular elucidating the many forms of molecular pathology that may underlie thalassaemias, and for his leadership in promoting the application of molecular genetics to medicine in the UK, not least as Director of the Institute of Molecular Medicine in Oxford."[21]
1996N.H.|Ashton}}"for his contribution to vision research and his most important achievement in his discovery of the role of oxygen in the pathogenesis of retrolental fibroplasia now known as retinopathy of prematurity, together with his studies of the mechanism of hypertensive retinopathy, studies of the pathology of diabetic retinopathy and amoebic infection of the eye"[22]
1998 Barry James|Marshall}}"in recognition of his work on discovering the role of Helicobacter pylori as a cause of diseases such as duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, gastric cancer and gastritis-associated dyspepsia"[23]
2000 William Stanley|Peart}}"for his contribution to the foundations of understanding of the renin angiotensin system in particular through his seminal work on the isolation and determination of the structure of angiotensin, purification of renin, and subsequent studies on the control of renin release"—
2002 Michael|Waterfield}}"Michael Waterfield for his exceptional skill in protein biochemistry which have transformed our understanding of signal transduction, and the subversion of cellular signalling pathways in cancer"—
2004 David P.|Lane}}"in recognition of his discovery of the p53 protein and the subsequent research in which this basic discovery has been followed through to clinical application, exploiting the p53 pathway to find new treatments for cancer"—
2006 Iain|MacIntyre}}"for his many contributions to his field, ranging from the fundamental discoveries on the cellular origin and biochemical mode of the action of calcitonin to its application in clinical practice"[24]
2008 Christopher|Marshall|Christopher Marshall (doctor)}}"for his outstanding contribution to understanding the process whereby cancers develop and in the identification of major targets for their therapeutic treatment"[25]
2010 Peter|Cresswell|Peter Cresswell}} "for his outstanding contributions to immunology, in particular to our understanding of the processing of foreign protein antigens within cells to stimulate T-cell immune responses".[26]
2011 Stephen|Jackson|Stephen Jackson (scientist)}} "for his outstanding contributions to understanding DNA repair and DNA-damage-response signalling pathways".[27]
2013 Douglas|Higgs}} "for his seminal work on the regulation of the human alpha-globin gene cluster and the role of the ATRX protein in genetic disease" [28]
2015 Irwin|McLean}} "for his major contribution to our understanding of the genetic basis of heritable skin diseases" [29]
2017Peter|Ratcliffe|Peter J. Ratcliffe|Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe}} "for his ground-breaking research on oxygen sensing and signalling pathways mediating cellular responses to hypoxia".—
2018Adrian|Bird|Adrian Bird}} "for his discovery that 5-methycytosine-binding MeCP2 protein silences transcription of methylated DNA and can reverse established Rett Syndrome in MeCP2 deficiency, the first demonstration that such neurodevelopmental diseases are curable."—

References

General
  • {{cite web|url=http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1764|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080609135115/http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1764|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2008-06-09|title=Buchanan archive winners 1957 - 1897|publisher=The Royal Society|accessdate=2009-01-27}}
  • {{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1763|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080609135120/https://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1763|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2008-06-09|title=Buchanan recent winners (2006 - 1962)|publisher=The Royal Society|accessdate=2009-01-27}}
Specific
1. ^{{cite web|url=http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1762|title=The Buchanan Medal (1897)|publisher=Royal Society|accessdate=2009-01-28}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1763|title=Buchanan recent winners (2006 - 1962)|publisher=The Royal Society|accessdate=2009-01-27}}
3. ^{{cite web|title =The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005| publisher =Nobel Foundation| year =2005| url =http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2005/illpres/| accessdate = 2009-01-28 }}
4. ^{{ODNBweb|id=36097|title=Simon, Sir John}}
5. ^{{ODNBweb|id=63940|title=Copeman, Sydney Arthur Monkton}}
6. ^{{ODNBweb|id=35595|title=Power, Sir William Henry}}
7. ^{{ODNBweb|id=37032|title=Wright, Sir Almroth Edward}}
8. ^{{ODNBweb|id=32132|title=Bruce, Sir David}}
9. ^{{ODNBweb|id=51797|title=Greenwood, Major}}
10. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.ajph.org/cgi/reprint/33/2/192.pdf|format=PDF|journal=American Journal of Public Health|accessdate=2009-01-28 | volume=33 | issue =2 | page =192 | year =1943 | title=News From The Field | doi=10.2105/ajph.33.2.192}}
11. ^{{ODNBweb|id=34980|title=Mellanby, Sir Edward}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/pdfs/MS11N01P055.PDF |format=PDF |title=Mosquito Systematics - Sir Rickard Christophers: a tribute |publisher=Mosquito Systematics |accessdate=2009-01-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926224711/http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/pdfs/MS11N01P055.PDF |archivedate=September 26, 2007 }}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A140139b.htm|title=Fairley, Sir Neil Hamilton (1891 - 1966) - Australian Dictionary of National Biography Online|publisher=Australian Dictionary of National Biography|accessdate=2009-01-28}}
14. ^{{ODNBweb|id=31757|title=Thompson, Sir (Arthur) Landsborough}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cats/20/857.htm|title=AIM25 text-only browsing: Wellcome Library Wilson, Sir Graham Selby (1895-1987) |publisher=AIM25|accessdate=2009-01-28}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.uoguelph.ca/cntc/announce/Richard_doll_bio.pdf|format=PDF|title=Richard Doll Bio|publisher=University of Guelf|accessdate=2009-01-28|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320013612/http://www.uoguelph.ca/cntc/announce/Richard_doll_bio.pdf|archivedate=2009-03-20|df=}}
17. ^{{ODNBweb|id=31086|title=Evans, Sir David Gwynne}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.archiveshub.ac.uk/news/0609warner.html|title=Papers and correspondence of Sir Frederick Warner|publisher=Mimas|accessdate=2009-01-28|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120629210000/http://www.archiveshub.ac.uk/news/0609warner.html|archivedate=2012-06-29|df=}}
19. ^{{ODNBweb|id=74875|title=Clarke, Sir Cyril}}
20. ^{{ODNBweb|id=57333|title=Burkitt, Denis Parsons}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://rsnr.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/49/1.toc|title=Notes and Records of the Royal Society 1995 vol 49 pp 141-151|publisher=Royal Society|accessdate=2010-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115102017/http://rsnr.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/49/1.toc|archive-date=2016-01-15|dead-url=yes|df=}}
22. ^{{cite journal|url=http://bjo.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/84/4/443|title=Norman Henry Ashton CBE, DSC (LOND), FRCP, FRCS, FRCPATH, FRCOPHTH, FRS, KSTJ, b 11 September 1913, d 4 January 2000|journal=British Journal of Ophthalmology|accessdate=2009-01-28| doi = 10.1136/bjo.84.4.443|pmid=10729308|pmc=1723441|volume=84|date=April 2000|vauthors=Sillito A, Luthert P |pages=443}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/mar1bio-1|title=Barry Marshall Biography -- Academy of Achievement|publisher=Academy of Achievement|accessdate=2009-01-28|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126225358/http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/mar1bio-1|archivedate=2009-01-26|df=}}
24. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T4Y-4V47CGG-4&_user=635275&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000033818&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=635275&md5=ef93b405a21bec9d184f83c46fb2eb24|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120629210004/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T4Y-4V47CGG-4&_user=635275&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000033818&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=635275&md5=ef93b405a21bec9d184f83c46fb2eb24|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2012-06-29|title= In Memoriam |accessdate=2009-01-28|doi = 10.1016/j.bone.2008.12.001|volume=44|journal=Bone|pages=520–521}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.icr.ac.uk/press/press_archive/press_releases_2008/9625.shtml |title=Institute Professor Wins Prestigious Science Award |publisher=Institute of Cancer Research |accessdate=2009-01-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611002555/http://www.icr.ac.uk/press/press_archive/press_releases_2008/9625.shtml |archivedate=2011-06-11 |df= }}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://royalsociety.org/Buchanan-Medal/|title = The Buchanan Medal (1897)|publisher = The Royal Society|accessdate= 14 August 2010}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://royalsociety.org/awards/buchanan-medal/|title = The Buchanan Medal (1897)|publisher=The Royal Society|accessdate=2012-05-17}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://royalsociety.org/awards/buchanan-medal/|title = The Buchanan Medal (1897)|publisher=The Royal Society|accessdate=2013-09-12}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://royalsociety.org/awards/buchanan-medal/|title = The Buchanan Medal (1897)|publisher=The Royal Society|accessdate=2015-08-18}}

External links

  • Royal Society: Buchanan Medal
{{RoySoc}}{{featured list}}

5 : Awards established in 1897|Awards of the Royal Society|Medicine awards|1897 establishments in the United Kingdom|1897 in science
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