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词条 Bulgarians in North Macedonia
释义

  1. History

     Middle ages and Ottoman rule  Yugoslavia  The fall of Communism to present-day 

  2. Politics

      Association Radko  

  3. See also

  4. References

{{essay-like|date=November 2013}}{{infobox ethnic group|
|group=Bulgarians in the Republic
of Macedonia
|population= 1,417 (census 2001)[1]
69,169 Bulgarian citizens (2002-2016)[2]
|popplace= Strumica and surrounding region
|rels=Macedonian Orthodox Church
|langs=Bulgarian and Macedonian
|related=Macedonians
}}Bulgarians are an ethnic minority in the Republic of Macedonia. Bulgarians are mostly found in the Strumica area,[3] but over the years, the absolute majority of southwestern Republic of Macedonia have declared themselves Macedonian. The town of Strumica and its surrounding area (including Novo Selo) were part of Bulgaria between the Balkan wars and the end of World War I, as well as during World War II. The total number of Bulgarians counted in the 2002 Census was 1,417 or roughly 0.07%. Over 70,000 Macedonian nationals have received Bulgarian citizenship since 2001, or roughly 3.5%.[4]

History

Middle ages and Ottoman rule

Throughout the Middle Ages and up until the early 20th century the Slavic speaking majority in the Region of Macedonia was more commonly referred to (both, by themselves and outsiders) as Bulgarians.[5][6][7]

Yugoslavia

Until the Balkan wars the majority of the Slav population of all three parts of the wider region of Macedonia had Bulgarian identity.[8] In 1913, the region of present-day Republic of Macedonia became a part of the Kingdom of Serbia, thus becoming Southern Serbia. During World War II, when most regions of Macedonia were annexed by Bulgaria, a pro-Bulgarian ideology existed among the Slavic majority.[9][10] However, harsh treatment by occupying Bulgarian troops reduced significantly the pro-Bulgarian orientation of the Macedonian Slavs.[11] After the end of World War II, the creation of People's Republic of Macedonia and the codification of a new Macedonian language, a process of ethnogenesis started and a distinct national Macedonian identity was inaugurated into an established system. The new Yugoslav authorities began a policy of removing of any Bulgarian influence, making Macedonia a connecting link for the establishment of new Balkan Communist Federation and creating a distinct Slavic consciousness that would inspire identification with Yugoslavia.[12] The authorities took also repressive measures that would overcome the pro-Bulgarian feelings among parts of the population, such as the Bloody Christmas in 1945.[13][13][14] In Macedonia the Bulgarophobia increased almost to the level of state ideology,[15] and the communists were successful in removing all Bulgarian influence in the region.[13] {{Bulgarians}}

The fall of Communism to present-day

By the time the Republic of Macedonia proclaimed its independence those who continued to look to Bulgaria were very few.[13] Some 3,000 - 4,000 people that stuck to their Bulgarian identity (most of them living in Strumica and the surroundings) met great hostility among the authorities and the rest of the population. With the fall of Communism this hostility has decreased, but still remains.[13] Occasional trials against Bulgarophiles have continued until today.[16][17]

In the period 2002-2016 some 70,000 citizens of Republic of Macedonia have acquired Bulgarian citizenship (which represents more than 5% of the self-declared ethnic Macedonians in the country in the 2002 population census), almost all of them acquired by descent and always on 1st position by acquired citizenship per country.

Year Period Acquired citizenships Position
2002-2012[18] 22.01.2002-15.01.2012 44211 1
2012[19] 23.01.2012-22.01.2013 8185 1
2013[20] 23.01.2013-22.01.2014 4388 1
2014[21] 01.01.2014-31.12.2014 1874 1
2015[22] 01.01.2015-31.12.2015 4315 1
2016[23] 01.01.2016-31.12.2016 6196 1
2017[24] 22.01.2017-31.12.2017 1150 1
2018[25] 01.01.2018-31.12.2018 3619 1
Total 01.01.2001-31.12.2018 75000+ 1

Politics

Bulgarians and Bulgarophiles in the Republic of Macedonia do not have their own political parties, but still have political activity. Many politicians revealed their bulgarophilness after leaving the political stage as Ljubčo Georgievski and Antonio Milošoski.[26] During the last few years, rising economic prosperity and the EU membership of Bulgaria has seen around 60,000 Macedonians applying for Bulgarian citizenship;[27] in order to obtain it they must provide evidence of their Bulgarian origin and sign a statement declaring they are Bulgarians by origin. About 50,000 Macedonian nationals have received Bulgarian citizenship in the past 10 years.[28][29]

Association Radko

Association Radko is an illegal Bulgarian political organisation it the Republic of Macedonia. The "Radko" association was registered in Ohrid in 2000. In 2001 the Constitutional Court of Republic of Macedonia banned the organization Radko as "promoting racial and religious hate and intolerance".[30] The association is named after the conspiration pseudonym of Ivan Mihailov, leader of Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization during the interbellum. In official Macedonian historiography, Mihailov is a terrorist and a Bulgarian chauvinist. In 2009 the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, condemned Republic of Macedonia because of violations of the European Convention of Human Rights in this case.[31]

See also

  • Ethnic Macedonians in Bulgaria
  • Macedonian Question
  • Macedonian Bulgarians
  • Radko Association
  • Bulgarian Cultural Club – Skopje

References

1. ^Republic of Macedonia - State Statistical Office
2. ^[https://www.president.bg/docs/1484827280.pdf Годишен доклад за дейността на КБГБЧ за периода 01.01.2016-31.12.2016 година (Annual report on the activities of the CBCBA for the period 01.01.2016-31.12.2016 year), p. 6]
3. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZMyZdvTympMC&pg=PA1&dq=Djoki%C4%87,+Dejan+(2003).+Yugoslavism:+Histories+of+a+Failed+Idea&hl=sl#PPA122,M1 Yugoslavism: histories of a failed idea, 1918-1992], Dejan Djokić, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2003, {{ISBN|1-85065-663-0}}, p. 122.
4. ^Весник Сега, Брой 6057 (291) 14 Декември 2017, 71 524 македонци имат български паспорти.
5. ^"The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century," John Van Antwerp Fine, University of Michigan Press, 1991, {{ISBN|0472081497}}, pp. 36-37.
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kroraina.com/knigi/im3/im_6_1.htm|title=Средновековни градови и тврдини во Македонија, Иван Микулчиќ, Македонска академија на науките и уметностите – Скопје, 1996, стр. 72.|publisher=|accessdate=18 March 2015}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.kroraina.com/knigi/da/da_summary.htm|title=Formation of the Bulgarian nation (summary) |author=Academician Dimitŭr Simeonov Angelov |publisher=Sofia-Press |year=1978 |pages=413–415 |accessdate=18 March 2015}}
8. ^Center for Documentation and Information on Minorities in Europe - Southeast Europe (CEDIME-SE) - Macedonians of Bulgaria
9. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=qYAwZFwyYdwC&pg=PR25 The struggle for Greece, 1941-1949], Christopher Montague Woodhouse, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2002, {{ISBN|1-85065-492-1}}, p. 67.
10. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=j_NbmSoRsRcC&dq=who+are+the+macedonians&pg=PP1 Who are the Macedonians?], Hugh Poulton, Hurst & Co. Publishers, 1995, {{ISBN|978-1-85065-238-0}}, p. 101.
11. ^{{Cite book | last1 = Kaufman | first1 = Stuart J. | title = Modern hatreds: the symbolic politics of ethnic war | year = 2001 | publisher=Cornell University Press | location = New York | isbn = 0-8014-8736-6 | pages = 193|quote= While Bulgarian was most common affiliation then, mistreatment by occupying Bulgarian troops during WWII cured most Macedonians from their pro-Bulgarian sympathies, leaving them embracing the new Macedonian identity promoted by the Tito regime after the war.}}
12. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=hafLHZgZtt4C&pg=PA808 Europe since 1945]. Encyclopedia by Bernard Anthony Cook. {{ISBN|0-8153-4058-3}}, pg. 808.
13. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book | last =Djokić | first =Dejan | title =Yugoslavism: Histories of a Failed Idea, 1918-1992 | publisher =C. Hurst & Co. Publishers | year =2003 | pages =122 | isbn =1-85065-663-0 }}
14. ^{{cite book | last =Phillips | first =John | title =Macedonia: Warlords and Rebels in the Balkans | publisher =I.B.Tauris | year =2004 | pages =40 | isbn =1-86064-841-X }}
15. ^Mirjana Maleska. Editor-in-chief. WITH THE EYES OF THE "OTHERS". (about Macedonian-Bulgarian relations and the Macedonian national identity). New Balkan Politics - Journal of Politics. ISSUE 6 {{cite web |url=http://www.newbalkanpolitics.org.mk/OldSite/Issue_6/editorial.eng.asp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-11-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070924172406/http://www.newbalkanpolitics.org.mk/OldSite/Issue_6/editorial.eng.asp |archivedate=24 September 2007 |df=dmy-all }}
16. ^Violations of Human Rights of Macedonian citizens with a Bulgarian ethnic consciousness 1990-1997
17. ^Court for waved Bulgarian flag in Macedonia.
18. ^Предоставяне на българско гражданство, Справка за преиода 22.01.2002-15.01.2012 г. (Bulgarian citizenship Information for the period 22.01.2002-15.01.2012 year)
19. ^Доклад за дейността на КБГБЧ за 2012-2013 година (Report on the activities of the CBCBA for 2012-2013 year), p. 7
20. ^[https://www.president.bg/docs/1391177868.doc Доклад за дейността на КБГБЧ за периода 23.01.2013 – 22.01.2014 година (Report on the activities of the CBCBA for the period 23.01.2013–22.01.2014 year), p. 6]
21. ^Годишен доклад за дейността на КБГБЧ за периода 01.01.2014-31.12.2014 година (Annual report on the activities of the CBCBA for the period 01.01.2014-31.12.2014 year), p. 5
22. ^[https://www.president.bg/docs/1453885886.pdf Годишен доклад за дейността на КБГБЧ за периода 01.01.2015-31.12.2015 година (Annual report on the activities of the CBCBA for the period 01.01.2015-31.12.2015 year), p. 6]
23. ^[https://www.president.bg/docs/1484827280.pdf Годишен доклад за дейността на КБГБЧ за периода 01.01.2016-31.12.2016 година (Annual report on the activities of the CBCBA for the period 01.01.2016-31.12.2016 year), p. 6]
24. ^[https://www.president.bg/docs/1516795436.pdfo Доклад за дейността на комисията по българско гражданство за периода 14 януари – 31 декември 2017 г. (Activity Report of the Bulgarian Citizenship Commission for the period 14 January - 31 December 2017)]
25. ^[https://www.president.bg/docs/1548762501.pdf Доклад за дейността на комисията по българско гражданство за периода 01 януари – 31 декември 2018 г. (Activity Report of the Bulgarian Citizenship Commission for the period 01 January - 31 December 2018)]
26. ^Утрински весник, 07.08.2009, Непотребно заострување на односите, Филип Петровски.
27. ^Sofia Echo, Dec. 17, 2007. Almost 60 000 Macedonians were waiting for their Bulgarian citizenship.
28. ^Bulgarian citizenship: the latest numbers
29. ^Most people granted Bulgarian citizenship in 2012 come from Macedonia, 23 January 2013, FOCUS News Agency.
30. ^РЕШЕНИЕ НА УСТАВНИОТ СУД НА РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА Публикувано во СЛУЖБЕН ВЕСНИК НА РМ Бр. 27 од 10.04.2001г. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207191544/http://www.radkomk.com/UstavniotSud.htm |date=7 February 2009 }}
31. ^Judgment 15 January 2009, (Application no. 74651/01) {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305045748/http://www.radkomk.com/15.01.2009.pdf |date=5 March 2009 }}
{{Ethnic groups in the Republic of Macedonia}}{{Bulgarian diaspora}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bulgarians In The Republic Of Macedonia}}

6 : Macedonian Bulgarians|Bulgarian minorities|Ethnic minorities in North Macedonia|Bulgaria–North Macedonia relations|Bulgarian diaspora by country|Macedonian people of Bulgarian descent
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