词条 | Bush White House email controversy |
释义 |
During the 2007 Congressional investigation of the dismissal of eight U.S. attorneys, it was discovered that administration officials had been using a private Internet domain, called gwb43.com, owned by and hosted on an email server run by the Republican National Committee,[1] for various official communications. The domain name is an abbreviation for "George W. Bush, 43rd" President of the United States. The use of this email domain became public when it was discovered that Scott Jennings, the White House's deputy director of political affairs, was using a gwb43.com email address to discuss the firing of the U.S. attorney for Arkansas.[2] Communications by federal employees were also found on georgewbush.com (registered to "Bush-Cheney '04, Inc."[3]) and rnchq.org (registered to "Republican National Committee"[4]). Congressional requests for administration documents while investigating the dismissals of the U.S. attorneys required the Bush administration to reveal that not all internal White House emails were available. Conducting governmental business in this manner is a possible violation of the Presidential Records Act of 1978.[5] Over 5 million emails may have been lost.[6][7] Greg Palast claims to have come up with 500 of the Karl Rove emails, leading to damaging allegations.[8] In 2009, it was announced that as many as 22 million emails may have been lost.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} The "gwb43.com"[9] domain name was publicized by Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW), who sent a letter to Oversight and Government Reform Committee chairman Henry A. Waxman requesting an investigation.[10] Waxman sent a formal warning to the RNC, advising them to retain copies of all emails sent by White House employees. According to Waxman, "in some instances, White House officials were using nongovernmental accounts specifically to avoid creating a record of the communications."[11] The Republican National Committee claims to have erased the emails, supposedly making them unavailable for Congressional investigators.[12] On April 12, 2007, White House spokesman Scott Stanzel stated that White House staffers were told to use RNC accounts to "err on the side of avoiding violations of the Hatch Act, but they should also retain that information so it can be reviewed for the Presidential Records Act," and that "some employees ... have communicated about official business on those political email accounts."[13] Stanzel also said that even though RNC policy since 2004 has been to retain all emails of White House staff with RNC accounts, the staffers had the ability to delete the email, themselves. On December 14, 2009, CNN reported[14] that all 22 million missing emails had been found on backup tapes, and that the Obama Administration reached a settlement with two watchdog groups who had sued to obtain the emails. Use by senior White House staffAccording to a former White House official, Karl Rove used RNC-hosted addresses for roughly "95 percent" of his email.[15] Rove provided email from his kr@georgewbush.com[16] address in exhibits to the United States House Committee on the Judiciary.[17] White House deputy Jennifer Farley told Jack Abramoff not to use the official White House system "because it might actually limit what they can do to help us, especially since there could be lawsuits, etc."[2] Abramoff responded, "Dammit. It was sent to Susan on her RNC pager and was not supposed to go into the WH system."[18] Investigations with missing emailsHouse Committee on Oversight and Government ReformThe House Oversight committee in an interim staff report, released on June 18, 2007:[19]
Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy{{Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy}}{{Main|Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy}}During the investigation into the firing of eight U.S. attorneys,[20] it became known White House staff was using Republican National Committee (RNC) email accounts.[21] The White House stated it might have lost five million emails.[6] On May 2, 2007, the Senate Judiciary Committee issued a subpoena to Attorney General Alberto Gonzales and the Department of Justice (DOJ) compelling the production of email Karl Rove sent to DOJ staff, regarding evaluation and dismissal of attorneys, no matter what email account Rove used, whether White House or National Republican party accounts, or other accounts, with a deadline of May 15, 2007 for compliance. The subpoena also demanded relevant email previously produced in the Valerie Plame controversy and investigation for the CIA leak scandal (2003).[22] CIA leak grand jury investigation{{Main|CIA leak scandal|CIA leak grand jury investigation|Niger uranium forgeries}}Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson alleged that his wife's identity was covert and that members of the George W. Bush administration knowingly revealed that information as retribution for his New York Times op-ed entitled "What I Didn't Find in Africa," of July 6, 2003, regarding the claim that Saddam Hussein was seeking uranium.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}} Patrick J. Fitzgerald, while investigating the leak, found that emails were missing from the White House server.[23][24] Mother Jones wrote that this is possibly the reason the RNC changed the policy of deleting emails after 30 days to saving all email sent and received by White House officials.[24] In light of the apparent vanished emails Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) has asked to reopen the investigation.[25][26] General Services Administration{{Main|General Services Administration}}It is feared that the missing emails might also affect congressional investigation of General Services Administration.[27] Department of Education{{Main|United States Department of Education}}While investigating the Reading First program CREW learned that employees use private emails to conduct official business. This might be a violation of the Federal Records Act.[28][29] LegalitiesThe Hatch Act{{Main|Hatch Act of 1939}}The Hatch Act prohibits the use of government resources, including email accounts, for political purposes. The Bush administration stated the RNC accounts were used to prevent violation of this Act.[6][24] Presidential Records Act{{Main|Presidential Records Act}}The Presidential Records Act mandates the preservation of all presidential records. Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington and The Wall Street Journal contend that the missing emails may constitute a violation of this Act.[5][6][25][30] See also
References1. ^The Guardian. [https://www.theguardian.com/worldlatest/story/0,,-6506360,00.html White House Says It Still Backs Gonzales]. 25 March 2007. 2. ^1 The Washington Post. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/26/AR2007032601979.html GOP Groups Told to Keep Bush Officials' E-Mails]. 27 March 2007 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/georgewbush.com|title=georgewbush.com Whois Record|publisher=(domaintools.com)|accessdate=2009-08-11}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=rnchq.org Whois Record|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/rnchq.org|publisher=(domaintools.com)|accessdate=2009-08-11}} 5. ^1 [https://www.motherjones.com/mojoblog/archives/2007/04/4151_rove_and_co_bro.html Rove and Co. Broke Federal Law With Email Scam] by Jonathan Stein, Mother Jones, April 12, 2007 6. ^1 2 3 CREW Releases New Report - Without A Trace: The White House Emails and The Violations of The Presidential Records Act {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516212325/http://www.commondreams.org/news2007/0413-01.htm# |date=2008-05-16 }}{{cite web |url=http://www.citizensforethics.org/files/041207WithoutATraceFullReport.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-04-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502003342/http://www.citizensforethics.org/files/041207WithoutATraceFullReport.pdf |archivedate=2007-05-02 |df= }} Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington, April 13, 2006 7. ^Officials' e-mails may be missing, White House says Democrats in Congress want messages from private system for probe of U.S. attorney firings By Tom Hamburger, Los Angeles Times, April 12, 2007 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gregpalast.com/amy-goodman-and-greg-palast-moms-day-broadcast/|title=I have Karl Rove’s emails|accessdate=2007-05-26|publisher=gregpalast.com}} 9. ^"gwb43.com" - who is .com 10. ^CREW asks for House Investigation into White House violations of Presidential Records Act. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070420212252/http://www.citizensforethics.org/node/25822 |date=April 20, 2007 }}. Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW), 15 March 2007. 11. ^The Hill. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080502220028/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/waxman-requests-that-rnc-bush-campaign-preserve-e-mails-2007-03-26.html Waxman wants RNC, Bush campaign to preserve e-mails]. 26 March 2007 12. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20070412153937/http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/04/12/fired.prosecutors.ap/index.html News from CNN] 13. ^White House - April 12, 2007 Press Gaggle by Scott Stanzel {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070415034406/http://www.tpmmuckraker.com/archives/002993.php |date=April 15, 2007 }} 14. ^CNN Politics 15. ^Froomkin, Dan. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/blog/2007/03/23/BL2007032301067_pf.html The Rovian Theory] washingtonpost.com 2007-03-23 16. ^"georgewbush.com" - who is .com 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://judiciary.house.gov/hearings/pdf/RExhibits.pdf |format=PDF |title=Rove Exhibits Part 1 |pages=50, 55, 113 etc. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825125348/http://judiciary.house.gov/hearings/pdf/RExhibits.pdf |archivedate=2009-08-25 |df= }} and {{cite web |title=Rove Exhibits Part 2 |format=PDF |pages=8, 10, 40, 46 |url=http://judiciary.house.gov/hearings/pdf/RExhibits_1.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815183717/http://judiciary.house.gov/hearings/pdf/RExhibits_1.pdf |archivedate=2009-08-15 |df= }} and {{cite web |title=White House Documents |url=http://judiciary.house.gov/issues/issues_WHDocs.html |publisher=United States House Committee on the Judiciary |accessdate=2009-08-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813100722/http://judiciary.house.gov/issues/issues_WHDocs.html |archivedate=2009-08-13 |df= }} 18. ^Financial Times. Aides to Bush told not to destroy e-mails. 26 March 2007 19. ^{{cite news |author=Committee Staff |title=The Use of RNC E-Mail Accounts by White House Officials |date=2007-06-18 |publisher=U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform |url=http://oversight.house.gov/story.asp?ID=1362 |work=Interim Report: Administration Oversight, White House Use of Private E-mail Accounts |pages= |accessdate=2007-06-18 |language= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627174833/http://oversight.house.gov/story.asp?ID=1362 |archivedate=2007-06-27 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 20. ^Dismissal attorneys uncommon* Republicans and U.S. attorneys -- then and now by Glenn Greenwald, Salon, March 19, 2007* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/23/AR2007032301450.html Inserting Politics Into Justice] By E. J. Dionne Jr., The Washington Post, March 24, 2007 21. ^[https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0610FB395B0C718DDDAD0894DF404482 Advisers' E-Mail Accounts May Have Mixed Politics and Business, White House Says] By SHERYL GAY STOLBERG, The New York Times, April 12, 2007 22. ^Lahey, Patrick Rove Email Subpoena United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary (via Findlaw) May 2, 2007. Retrieved May 8, 2007. 23. ^Fitzgerald* The Situation Room, CNN.Transcript* White House Fails To Archive E-Mail; Issue in CIA Leak Case By JOSH GERSTEIN, The New York Sun, February 2, 2006 24. ^1 2 Mother Jones: [https://www.motherjones.com/mojoblog/archives/2007/04/4164_re_those_missin.html RE: Those Missing White House Emails]. April 13, 2007 25. ^1 Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington: CREW Writes Patrick Fitzgerald Asking to Re-Open Rove Case in Light of Missing Emails {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306044559/http://www.citizensforethics.org/legal-filings/entry/crew-writes-patrick-fitzgerald-asking-to-re-open-rove-case-in-light-of-miss |date=March 6, 2015 }}. April 13, 2007. 26. ^[https://news.yahoo.com/s/usnw/20070413/pl_usnw/crew_writes_patrick_fitzgerald_asking_to_re_open_rove_case_in_light_of_missing_emails CREW Writes Patrick Fitzgerald Asking to Re-Open Rove Case in Light of Missing Emails]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Yahoo, April 13, 2007 27. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/17/AR2007041701984.html?nav=rss_politics Immunity for Ex-Gonzales Aide Weighed Potential Witness's Role in Firings Cited] By Paul Kane, The Washington Post, April 18, 2007; Page A08 28. ^CREW learns Dept. of Education staff are using private e-mails in violation of federal law {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523032406/http://www.citizensforethics.org/node/28382 |date=May 23, 2007 }} CREW, May 16, 2007 29. ^Ethics watchdog accuses Education Department of illegal e-mail use by Nick Juliano, Raw Story, May 16, 2007 30. ^LEGAL WORRIES OVER MISSING EMAILS GROW by John D. McKinnon, Wall Street Journal External links
4 : George W. Bush administration controversies|Dismissal of United States Attorneys controversy|Email|Computing-related controversies and disputes |
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