| 词条 | Butanethiol |
| 释义 |
| Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 443492557 | Reference = [1] | ImageFile = Butanethiol.svg | ImageSize = 180px | ImageName = Skeletal formula | ImageFile1 = Butanethiol-3D-balls.png | ImageName1 = Ball-and-stick model | ImageFile2 = 1-Butanethiol-3D-sticks-by-AHRLS-2012.png | ImageName2 = 3D-stick model | PIN = Butane-1-thiol | OtherNames = Butyl mercaptan n-Butyl mercaptan 1-Butanethiol Thiobutyl alcohol Mercaptobutane n-Butanethiol 1-Mercaptobutane |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | Abbreviations = | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 7721 | InChIKey = WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYAG | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C4H10S/c1-2-3-4-5/h5H,2-4H2,1H3 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo = 109-79-5 | EINECS = | PubChem = 8012 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = 77OY909F30 | SMILES = SCCCC | InChI = 1/C4H10S/c1-2-3-4-5/h5H,2-4H2,1H3 | RTECS = | MeSHName = | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEBI = | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG = }} |Section2={{Chembox Properties | C=4 | H=10 | S=1 | Appearance = Clear liquid | Odor = cabbage-like, skunk-like, garlic-like[2] | Density = 0.83679 g/mL | MeltingPtC = -115.8 | MeltingPt_notes = | BoilingPtC = 98.2 | BoilingPt_notes = | Solubility = Slightly soluble (0.06% at 20°C)[2] | SolubleOther = | Solvent = | pKa = | pKb = | VaporPressure = 35 mmHg (20°C)[2] }} |Section7={{Chembox Hazards | EUClass = | MainHazards = | NFPA-H = 2 | NFPA-F = 3 | NFPA-R = 0 | NFPA-S = | RPhrases = | SPhrases = | RSPhrases = | FlashPtF = 35 | FlashPt_notes=[2] | AutoignitionPt = | ExploLimits = | PEL = TWA 10 ppm (35 mg/m3)[2] | IDLH = 500 ppm[2] | REL = C 0.5 ppm (1.8 mg/m3) [15-minute][2] | LC50 = 4020 ppm (rat, 4 hr) 2500 ppm (mouse, 4 hr) 770 ppm (dog, 30 min)[3] }} }}Butanethiol, also known as butyl mercaptan, is a volatile, clear to yellowish liquid with a fetid (extremely foul-smelling) odor, commonly described as "skunk" odor. In fact, butanethiol is structurally similar to several major constituents of a skunk's defensive spray but is not actually present in the spray.[4] The scent of butanethiol is so strong that the human nose can easily detect it in the air at concentrations as low as 10 parts per billion. The threshold level for 1-butanethiol is reported as 1.4 ppb[5] ChemistryButanethiol is chemically classified among the thiols, which are organic compounds with molecular formulas and structural formulas similar to alcohols, except that sulfur-containing sulfhydryl group (-SH) replaces the oxygen-containing hydroxyl group (-OH) in the molecule. Butanethiol's basic molecular formula is C4H9SH, and its structural formula is similar to that of the alcohol n-butanol. Butanethiol is prepared by the free radical catalyzed addition of hydrogen sulfide to 1-butene. Commercially, this is performed using ultraviolet light. Butanethiol is a thiol of low molecular weight, and it is highly flammable. UsesButanethiol is used as an industrial solvent,{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} and as an intermediate for cotton defoliants.[6] It is sometimes placed in the "stink bombs" and "stink perfumes" for pranksters. SafetyButanethiol is a very noxious and caustic chemical compound, and at sufficiently high concentrations, it produces serious health effects in both humans and animals, especially as a result of prolonged exposure. Higher concentrations can lead to unconsciousness and coma after prolonged exposure. Contact with the skin and mucous membranes causes burns, and contact with the eyes can lead to blurred vision or complete blindness.{{citation needed|date=January 2012}} Inhalation may cause weakness, confusion, cough, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and shortness of breath. The substance irritates the eyes, the skin, and the respiratory tract. It may cause effects on the thyroid and the nervous system and could cause lowering of consciousness.[7] See also
Notes1. ^Merck Index, 12th Edition, 1611. 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{PGCH|0083}} 3. ^{{IDLH|109795| n-Butyl mercaptan}} 4. ^{{cite journal |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |volume= 55 |issue= 3 |year= 1978 |title=1-Butanethiol and the Striped Skunk |author= Andersen K. K., Bernstein D. T. |doi=10.1021/ed055p159|pages = 159–160 }} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Devos|first=M|title=Standardized Human Olfactory Thresholds|year=1990|publisher=IRL Press|location=Oxford|isbn=0199631468|pages=34|author2=F. Patte |author3=J. Rouault |author4=P. Lafort |author5=L. J. Van Gemert }} 6. ^{{cite web|last=National Library of Medicine HSDB Database|title=Merphos|url=http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/a?dbs+hsdb:@term+@DOCNO+1777|publisher=National Library of Medicine|accessdate=2012-05-17}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0018.html |title=n-BUTYL MERCAPTAN |work=International Chemical Safety Cards |publisher=National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health |accessdate=January 11, 2012}} References
External links
1 : Thiols |
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