| 词条 | Buzludzha monument | |||||
| 释义 |
The Monument House of the Bulgarian Communist Party (also known as the Buzludzha Monument) was built on Buzludzha Peak by the Bulgarian communist regime. It commemorated the events of 1891, when a group of socialists led by Dimitar Blagoev assembled secretly in the area to form an organised socialist movement that led to the founding of the Bulgarian Social Democratic Party, a forerunner of the Bulgarian Communist Party. ConstructionConstruction of the monument began on 23 January 1974 under architect Georgi Stoilov, a former mayor of Sofia and co-founder of the Union of Architects in Bulgaria.[1] Trinitrotoluene (TNT) was used to level the peak into a stable foundation, reducing the mountain's height from {{convert|1441|m|ft|abbr=off}} to {{convert|1432|m|ft|abbr=off}}.[1] More than 15,000 cubic metres of rock were removed in the process.[1] The monument was built at a cost of 14,186,000 leva, which by today's{{when|date=April 2018}} rates is roughly equivalent to US$35 million.{{clarify|date=April 2018}}[1] The building exemplifies the futurist architecture common to many state-constructed communist buildings. It is no longer managed, and is closed to the public as it is considered dangerous.[1] There is a proposal by The Buzludha Project to architecturally preserve the monument and turn the building into an interpretive museum of Bulgarian History.[2] MosaicsInside the building, mosaics that cover approximately 510 square meters of space commemorate the history of the Bulgarian Communist Party. The mosaics were built with 35 tons of cobalt glass. Today 20% of them have been destroyed due to age and vandalism. On the outer ring of the monument, mosaics were built with natural stones gathered from rivers across Bulgaria. These mosaics have also mostly vanished due to natural causes. The final mosaic in the building was the communist hammer and sickle encircled by a quote from The Communist Manifesto stating, "Proletarians of all countries, unite!"[3] Opening ceremonyThe monument was opened on 23 August 1981.[4] At the opening ceremony, Bulgarian communist leader Todor Zhivkov announced: {{cquote|I am honoured to be in the historical position to open the House-Monument [of the Bulgarian Communist Party], built in honour of the accomplishments of Dimitar Blagoev and his associates; who, 90 years ago, laid the foundations for the revolutionary Marxist Party in Bulgaria. Let the pathways leading here – to the legendary Buzludzha Peak, here in the Stara Planina where the first Marxists came to continue the work of sacred and pure love that was started by Bulgaria’s socialist writers and philosophers – never fall into disrepair.Let generation after generation of socialist and communist Bulgaria come here, to bow down before the feats and the deeds of those who came before; those who lived on this land and gave everything they had to their nation. Let them feel that spirit that ennobles us and as we empathise with the ideas and dreams of our forefathers, so let us experience that same excitement today! Glory to Blagoev and his followers; those first disciples of Bulgarian socialism, who sowed the immortal seeds of today’s Bulgarian Communist Party in the public soul!}} In popular cultureThe band Kensington filmed the videoclip for their song Riddles on the monument. Finnish rock band Haloo Helsinki! shot a videoclip featuring the monument for the single "Vihaan kyllästynyt."[5] The experimental American band Algiers filmed the music video for the single "Irony. Utility. Pretext." from their eponymous album inside the monument in 2015.{{fact|date=April 2018}} The building played a key role in the 2016 film Resurrection.{{clarify|reason=If it was key, it should obviously be described|date=April 2018}} The music video by the Italian singer and composer Calcutta for the song "Kiwi"[6] (2018)[7] was filmed in Bulgaria featuring also the monument.[8] TravelBuzludzha can be reached by two side roads from the Shipka Pass:[9] either a {{convert|16|km|mi|abbr=on|0}} road from Kazanlak in the south or a {{convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on|0}} road from Gabrovo on the north side of the mountain. See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 buzludzha-monument.com {{coord|42.7358|N|25.3938|E|source:dewiki_region:BG_type:mountain|format=dms|display=title}}2. ^ {{cite podcast | url=https://www.museumarchipelago.com/47 | title=47. Buzludzha Is Deteriorating. Dora Ivanova Wants To Turn It Into A Museum. | website=Museum Archipelago | publisher=Museum Archipelago | host= Ian Elsner | date=2018-07-23 | time= | access-date=2019-01-16}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.buzludzha-monument.com/history|title=History|website=The Buzludzha Monument|access-date=2017-05-03}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Bell|first=John D.|year=1986|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NHqOAAAAMAA|title=The Bulgarian Communist Party from Blagoev to Zhivkov|publisher=Hoover Institution Press|p=22}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iltalehti.fi/popstars/2014100318714232_ps.shtml|author=Rytkönen, Annika|title=Haloo Helsingin uutuusvideo kuvattiin poikkeusluvalla|date=2014-10-03|website=Iltalehti|accessdate=2015-07-31|language=fi}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLDIj-29reI|title=Calcutta - Kiwi|website=YouTube|access-date=3 October 2018}} 7. ^ https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56807319#P1651 8. ^{{cite web|last1=Lucciola|first1=Marika|url=https://www.lascimmiapensa.com/2018/09/13/calcutta-nuovo-video-di-kiwi|title=Calcutta – Nuovo video di Kiwi|trans-title=Calcutta - New video for Kiwi|language=Italian|website=LaScimmiaPensa.com|date=13 September 2018}} 9. ^The Rough Guide to Bulgaria (2008) {{ISBN|978-1-85828-068-4}} p. 297 External links{{commons category|Buzludzha}}
BibliographyAdrien Minard, Bouzloudja. Crépuscule d'une utopie, Paris, éditions B2, 2018. 2 : Monuments and memorials in Bulgaria|Buildings and structures in Stara Zagora Province |
|||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。