| 词条 | Béchar | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Béchar | official_name = City Béchar | native_name = {{lang|ar|بشار}} ⴱⴻⵛⵛⴰⵔ | native_name_lang = | type = city | image_skyline =Gourai.jpg | imagesize =300px | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_shield = | nickname = | image_map = DZ-08-01-Bechar.svg | mapsize = 180px | map_caption = Location of Béchar commune within Béchar Province | pushpin_map = Algeria | pushpin_mapsize = 300 | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Béchar within Algeria | coordinates = {{coord|31|37|N|2|13|W|region:DZ-08_type:adm3rd|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Algeria}} | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Béchar | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Béchar District | established_title = | established_date = | seat_type = District seat | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_title = PMA Seats | leader_name = 23 | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = [1] | area_total_km2 = 5050 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 747 | population_footnotes = [2] | population_total = 165,627 | population_as_of = 2008 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | timezone1 = CET | utc_offset1 = +1 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 08000 | area_code_type = | area_code = | blank_name = ONS code | blank_info = 0801 | blank1_name = Climate | blank1_info = BWh | website = | footnotes = }}Béchar ({{lang-ar|بشار}}) is the capital city of Béchar Province, Algeria. It is also a commune, coextensive with Béchar District, of Béchar Province. In 2008 the city had a population of 165,627,[1] up from 134,954 in 1998,[2] with an annual growth rate of 2.1%.[1] The commune covers an area of {{convert|5050|km2}}.[3] Before coal was found here in 1907, Béchar was a small populated town like many others in the region. It thrived on the activity of the coal mines until petroleum production seized the market.[4] Leatherwork and jewellery are notable products of Béchar. Dates, vegetables, figs, cereals and almonds are produced near Béchar. There are bituminous coal reserves near Béchar, but they are not exploited to their greatest potential because of transportation costs are too high relative to that from the oil and gas fields of eastern Algeria.[5] The city was once the site of a French Foreign Legion post. The Kenadsa longwave transmitter, whose masts are the tallest structures in Algeria at {{convert|357|m|ft}}, is found near Béchar.[6] LocationBéchar is located in the northwestern region of Algeria roughly {{convert|58|km|mi}} south of the Moroccan border. GeographyBéchar lies at an elevation of {{convert|747|m|ft}} on the banks of Oued Béchar,[5] which runs through the city from northeast to southwest. The rocky highlands of the Djebel Béchar overlook the city from the southeast, reaching {{convert|1206|m|ft}} to the east of the city. Further to the northeast the Djebel Antar range rises even higher, to {{convert|1953|m|ft}}. The northwest, by contrast, is a flat rocky reg. ClimateBéchar has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh),[7] with extremely hot summers and warm winters despite the high elevation. There is very little rain throughout the year, and summers are especially dry. {{Weather box |location = Béchar (1976–2005, extremes 1906–present) |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 27.2 |Feb record high C = 31.2 |Mar record high C = 38.0 |Apr record high C = 37.0 |May record high C = 41.2 |Jun record high C = 43.4 |Jul record high C = 45.0 |Aug record high C = 47.8 |Sep record high C = 41.0 |Oct record high C = 37.7 |Nov record high C = 30.5 |Dec record high C = 27.8 |year record high C = 47.8 |Jan high C = 15.9 |Feb high C = 18.8 |Mar high C = 22.4 |Apr high C = 26.2 |May high C = 30.6 |Jun high C = 36.5 |Jul high C = 40.1 |Aug high C = 39.2 |Sep high C = 34.2 |Oct high C = 27.5 |Nov high C = 20.9 |Dec high C = 17.0 |year high C = 27.4 |Jan mean C = 9.7 |Feb mean C = 12.4 |Mar mean C = 16.1 |Apr mean C = 20.0 |May mean C = 24.5 |Jun mean C = 30.0 |Jul mean C = 33.5 |Aug mean C = 32.9 |Sep mean C = 28.1 |Oct mean C = 21.6 |Nov mean C = 15.1 |Dec mean C = 10.9 |year mean C = 21.2 |Jan low C = 3.5 |Feb low C = 6.0 |Mar low C = 9.8 |Apr low C = 13.7 |May low C = 18.3 |Jun low C = 23.5 |Jul low C = 26.9 |Aug low C = 26.5 |Sep low C = 21.9 |Oct low C = 15.6 |Nov low C = 9.2 |Dec low C = 4.8 |year low C = 15.0 |Jan record low C = -4.8 |Feb record low C = -4.0 |Mar record low C = 0.2 |Apr record low C = 4.0 |May record low C = 7.8 |Jun record low C = 10.1 |Jul record low C = 17.8 |Aug record low C = 17.0 |Sep record low C = 12.0 |Oct record low C = 5.9 |Nov record low C = -0.1 |Dec record low C = -3.9 |year record low C = -4.8 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 9.0 |Feb precipitation mm = 8.5 |Mar precipitation mm = 8.8 |Apr precipitation mm = 7.5 |May precipitation mm = 5.3 |Jun precipitation mm = 5.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 0.7 |Aug precipitation mm = 2.0 |Sep precipitation mm = 7.4 |Oct precipitation mm = 10.6 |Nov precipitation mm = 13.6 |Dec precipitation mm = 8.2 |year precipitation mm = 86.6 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 2.4 |Feb precipitation days = 2.4 |Mar precipitation days = 2.4 |Apr precipitation days = 1.9 |May precipitation days = 2.0 |Jun precipitation days = 1.6 |Jul precipitation days = 0.8 |Aug precipitation days = 1.4 |Sep precipitation days = 3.2 |Oct precipitation days = 3.2 |Nov precipitation days = 2.4 |Dec precipitation days = 2.1 |year precipitation days = 25.8 |Jan humidity = 43 |Feb humidity = 34 |Mar humidity = 28 |Apr humidity = 25 |May humidity = 21 |Jun humidity = 19 |Jul humidity = 15 |Aug humidity = 17 |Sep humidity = 24 |Oct humidity = 31 |Nov humidity = 40 |Dec humidity = 45 |year humidity = 29 |Jan sun = 245 |Feb sun = 249 |Mar sun = 304 |Apr sun = 316 |May sun = 348 |Jun sun = 348 |Jul sun = 361 |Aug sun = 335 |Sep sun = 297 |Oct sun = 280 |Nov sun = 236 |Dec sun = 240 |year sun = 3559 |source 1 = World Meteorological Organization (average temperatures and precipitation, 1976–2005)[8] |source 2 = Danish Meteorological Institute (sun and relative humidity, 1931–1960)[9] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[10] |date=May 2011 }} EconomyAgriculture is an important industry in Béchar. The commune has a total of {{convert|8384|ha}} of arable land, of which {{convert|5100|ha}} is irrigated.[11] There are a total of 109,000 date palms planted in the commune, occupying {{convert|910|ha}}.[12] Other crops include vegetables, figs, cereals and almonds. As of 2009 there were 19,067 sheep, 16,664 goats, 1,766 camels, and 444 cattle. There were also 126,000 chickens in 20 buildings.[13]There is some tourism in the city, with 10 hotels[14] and tourist attractions including sand dunes, palm groves, the old ksar, and an ancient fort.[15] Other industries in the city include coal mining, and the production of leatherwork and jewellery. Infrastructure and housing98% of Béchar's population is connected to drinking water,[16] 95% is connected to the sewerage system,[17] and 99% (including 33,180 houses) have access to electricity.[18] There are 6 fuel service stations in the town.[19] Béchar has a total of 33,245 houses, of which 25,499 are occupied, giving an occupation rate of 6.5 inhabitants per occupied building.[20] TransportationThe main road through Béchar is the N6 highway; it connects to Mecheria, Saida, Mascara and Oran to the north, and to Adrar and Timiaouine to the south. There is a total length of {{convert|207.5|km|mi}} of roads in the commune.[21] It is served by a narrow gauge railway station of SNTF, which in 2008, may be replaced with a standard gauge railway. From 1941 to 1963 it was reached by the standard gauge Mediterranean-Niger-Railway. Béchar is served by Boudghene Ben Ali Lotfi Airport, {{convert|4|km|mi}} to the northwest of the city. EducationThe city is home to the University of Béchar. There are 68 elementary schools in Béchar, with 777 classrooms including 581 in use.[22] There are a total of 33,511 school students.[23] 8.3% of the population has a tertiary education, and another 23.0% has competed secondary education.[24] The overall literacy rate is 86.4%, and is 91.4% among males and 81.4% among females.[25] HealthBéchar has 2 hospitals, 4 polyclinics, 17 room care facilities, a maternity ward, 36 private pharmacies, 5 medical operating theatres, and a psychiatric service.[26] CultureBéchar has a cinema with 850 seats, as well as a museum.[27] ReligionBéchar has 27 operational mosques, with another 19 under construction.[28] Historical population
LocalitiesThe commune is composed of 8 localities:[30] {{div col}}
Béchar Djedid is located {{convert|5|km|mi|0}} south of the city and was constructed as housing for coal miners working in Kénadsa.[5] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Population: Béchar Wilaya |url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w08_p1.pdf |publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie |accessdate=14 February 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516051941/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w08_p1.pdf |archivedate=16 May 2013 |df= }} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Algeria Communes|url=http://www.statoids.com/ydz.html|publisher=Statoids|accessdate=9 March 2013}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|title=Population, Area and Density per Commune |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/1.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=16 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222191634/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/1.htm |archivedate=22 February 2014 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Historical|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/Historique.htm|publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Béchar|accessdate=9 March 2013|language=French}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Bechar (Algeria)|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/57873/Bechar|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=10 March 2013}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Kenadsa Long Wave Transmission Masts|url=http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?id=s0038756|publisher=Structurae|accessdate=16 March 2013}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/3697/ |title=Climate: Bechar - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table (altitude: 779m) |publisher=Climate-Data.org |accessdate=5 November 2013}} 8. ^{{cite web| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1435| title = World Weather Information Service–Bechar| publisher = World Meteorological Organization| accessdate = 16 October 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web| last1 = Cappelen| first1 = John| last2 = Jensen| first2 = Jens| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130427173827/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf| archivedate = April 27, 2013| url = http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf| work = Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931-1960)| title = Algeriet - Bechar| page = 10| publisher = Danish Meteorological Institute| language = Danish| accessdate = 16 October 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web | url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1921| title = Station Bechar| publisher = Meteo Climat |language = French | accessdate = 16 October 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web |title=Distribution of Agricultural Land |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/10.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710020333/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/10.htm |archivedate=10 July 2014 |df= }} 12. ^{{cite web |title=Plant Productions |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/14.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820030513/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/14.htm |archivedate=20 August 2014 |df= }} 13. ^{{cite web |title=Animal Production |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/14.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820030513/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/14.htm |archivedate=20 August 2014 |df= }} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Census of Hotels|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/80.htm|publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar|accessdate=9 March 2013|language=French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123004611/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/80.htm#|archive-date=2016-01-23|dead-url=yes|df=}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=Tourism Sites and Monuments|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/80.htm|publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar|accessdate=9 March 2013|language=French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123004611/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/80.htm#|archive-date=2016-01-23|dead-url=yes|df=}} 16. ^{{cite web |title=Drinking Water |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/24.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709085413/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/24.htm |archivedate=9 July 2014 |df= }} 17. ^{{cite web |title=Sewerage Networks |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/25.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710015740/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/25.htm |archivedate=10 July 2014 |df= }} 18. ^{{cite web |title=Electrification |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/29.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709083904/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/29.htm |archivedate=9 July 2014 |df= }} 19. ^{{cite web |title=Fuel Distribution |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/30.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710020359/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/30.htm |archivedate=10 July 2014 |df= }} 20. ^{{cite web|title=Housing |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/65.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033047/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/65.htm |archivedate=4 March 2016 |df= }} 21. ^{{cite web|title=Density Kilometres |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/90.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429185650/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/90.htm |archivedate=29 April 2014 |df= }} 22. ^{{cite web|title=School Infrastructure |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/55.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429191848/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/55.htm |archivedate=29 April 2014 |df= }} 23. ^{{cite web|title=Number of Pupils |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/36.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033043/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/36.htm |archivedate=4 March 2016 |df= }} 24. ^{{cite web|title=Structure relative de la population résidente des ménages ordinaires et collectifs âgée de 6 ans et plus selon le niveau d'instruction et la commune de résidence. |url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w08_p6.pdf |publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie |accessdate=13 February 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517001417/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w08_p6.pdf |archivedate=17 May 2013 |df= }} 25. ^{{cite web|title=Taux d'analphabétisme et taux d'alphabétisation de la population âgée de 15 ans et plus, selon le sexe et la commune de résidence . |url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w08_p10.pdf |publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie |accessdate=13 February 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516051406/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w08_p10.pdf |archivedate=16 May 2013 |df= }} 26. ^{{cite web|title=Health Facilities by Commune |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/55.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429191848/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/55.htm |archivedate=29 April 2014 |df= }} 27. ^{{cite web|title=Cinemas and Museums|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/79.htm|publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar|accessdate=9 March 2013|language=French}} 28. ^{{cite web|title=Mosques and Koranic Rooms |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/76.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032551/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/76.htm |archivedate=4 March 2016 |df= }} 29. ^populstat.info {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175036/http://www.populstat.info/Africa/algeriat.htm |date=March 3, 2016 }} 30. ^{{cite web|title=Décret n° 84-365, fixant la composition, la consistance et les limites territoriale des communes. Wilaya d'El Oued|url=http://www.joradp.dz/JO8499/1984/067/FP1489.pdf|publisher=Journal officiel de la République Algérienne|accessdate=2 March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112153538/http://www.joradp.dz/JO8499/1984/067/FP1489.pdf |archivedate=2 March 2013 or before|page=1489|language=French|date=19 December 1984}} External links{{wikivoyage|Béchar}}{{Commons category|Béchar}}
|Centre = Béchar |North = Mogheul Lahmar |Northeast = Mécheria El Bayadh Benzireg |East = Figuig (Morocco) Béni Ounif |Southeast = Adrar |South = Taghit Igli Béni Abbès |Southwest = Abadla Tindouf |West = Kénadsa Meridja |Northwest = Boukaïs }}{{Béchar Province}}{{Province seats of Algeria}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bechar}} 4 : Populated places in Béchar Province|Communes of Algeria|Cities in Algeria|Province seats of Algeria |
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